1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene depletes glutathione in rat skin and is mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium

Summer, Karl‐Heinz; Göggelmann, W.

doi:10.1016/0165-1218(80)90124-x

Cited by 74 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…At higher concen trations, SADBE became toxic for the bacteria. In comparison, 50 \xM DNCB increased mutation frequencies in S. typhimurium TA 100 about 11-fold [10].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contact Allergy as a Therapeutic Tool for Alopecia Areata: Application of Squaric Acid Dibutylester

et al. 1980

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Squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE), a potent contact allergen, was tested for mutagenicity in the bacterial plate incorporation assay (Ames test), in the presence and absence of mammalian microsomes. In contrast to dinitrochlorobenzene which is mutagenic in this test, SADBE was found not to be mutagenic. In 53 patients with extensive or total alopecia areata, SADBE dissolved in acetone was applied weekly to one side of the head, the other side serving as control. In 46 patients (87%), hair regrew either exclusively on the treated side, or considerably faster and denser on this side. In some patients, continuous treatment failed to maintain the response. Persistent response was observed in 37 patients (70%). These results are essentially the same as those obtained with DNCB. Therefore, contact allergy is proposed as a therapeutic concept for alopecia areata.

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“…At higher concen trations, SADBE became toxic for the bacteria. In comparison, 50 \xM DNCB increased mutation frequencies in S. typhimurium TA 100 about 11-fold [10].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1978, we had started to conduct studies with different types of contact allergens. Such investigations have become even more urgent because DNCB has recently been found to be mutagenic in the bacterial plate incorporation assay (Ames test) [8,10]. For reasons of safety we had therefore decided to abandon the DNCB treatment for alopecia areata.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Allergy as a Therapeutic Tool for Alopecia Areata: Application of Squaric Acid Dibutylester

et al. 1980

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“…Although it may be argued that traces of contaminants in these preparations were responsible for the results reported in these studies, it is highly unlikely, since the mutagenicity was observed with very low concentrations of DNCB, ranging from 50 to 500 ¿iM. 5 Together with the results of previous studies, the data presented by Black et al3 proves that DNCB treatment of benign skin diseases must be aban¬ doned. This decision should be made readily, since nonmutagenic, potent contact allergens are present¬ ly available.…”

Section: The Potential Hazards Of Dinitrochlorobenzenementioning

confidence: 57%

The Potential Hazards of Dinitrochlorobenzene

Happle¹

1985

Arch Dermatol

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“…(91)(92)(93)(94)(95) suggested that filter paper discs impregnated with 4NOPD be used in a scheme to confirm the phenotype of the standard set o f 5 typhimurium tester strains. (91)(92)(93)(94)(95) suggested that filter paper discs impregnated with 4NOPD be used in a scheme to confirm the phenotype of the standard set o f 5 typhimurium tester strains.…”

Section: Short-term Predictive Tests For Mutagens and Carcinogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

5 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of 2-Nitro-p-Phenylenediamine and 4-Nitro-o-Phenylenediamine

1985

Journal of the American College of Toxicology

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Animal data o n 2 N P P D and 4 N O P D and cosmetic hair dyes containing these ingredients suggest that both compounds were nonirritating t o rabbit skin and eyes, but were sensitizers o n guinea pig skin. The results of repeated insult patch tests with hair dye products containing these ingredients indicated that neither was an irritant or a sensitizer t o human subjects as normally used. In the absence of human data o n the pure compounds, however, 2 N P P D and 4 N O P D are considered t o be potential human sensitizers.Topically applied 2 N P P D and 4 N O P D are absorbed by experimental animals. Neither embryotoxicity nor teratogenicity was observed in animal studies when hair dyes containing 2 N P P D and 4 N O P D were applied t o the skin. Both ingredients were mutagenic in some bacterial and in vitro mammalian systems; both compounds had some genotoxic activity. In feeding studies in mice and rats, only 2 N P P D induced hepatocellular tumors in female mice. Both compounds were noncarcinogenic in male mice and in rats of either sex. Epidemiological data have not demonstrated a carcinogenic effect in man for hair dyes.For those persons not sensitized, it i s concluded that 2 N P P D and 4 N O P D are safe as hair dye ingredients at the current concentration of use.

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1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene depletes glutathione in rat skin and is mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium

Cited by 74 publications

References 13 publications

Contact Allergy as a Therapeutic Tool for Alopecia Areata: Application of Squaric Acid Dibutylester

Contact Allergy as a Therapeutic Tool for Alopecia Areata: Application of Squaric Acid Dibutylester

The Potential Hazards of Dinitrochlorobenzene

5 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of 2-Nitro-p-Phenylenediamine and 4-Nitro-o-Phenylenediamine

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