1,4-Benzenediboronic-Acid-Induced Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles: Application to Hydrogen Peroxide Detection and Biotin–Avidin-Mediated Immunoassay with Naked-Eye Detection

Abstract

Hydrogen-peroxide (H2O2)-induced growth of small-sized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is often implemented for H2O2 sensing and plasmonic immunoassay. In contrast, there is little-to-no information in the literature regarding the application of H2O2-inhibited aggregation of citrate-capped AuNPs. This study discloses that benzene-1,4-diboronic acid (BDBA) was effective in driving the aggregation of citrate-capped AuNPs through an interaction between α-hydroxycarboxylate of citrate and boronic acids of BDBA. The H2O2-mediated oxidation of BDBA resulted in the conversion of boronic acid groups to phenol groups. The oxidized BDBA was incapable of triggering the aggregation of citrate-capped AuNPs. Thus, the presence of H2O2 prohibited BDBA-induced aggregation of citrate-capped AuNPs. The BDBA-induced aggregation of citrate-capped AuNPs can be paired with the glucose oxidase (GOx)-glucose system to design a colorimetric probe for glucose. Moreover, a H2O2·BDBA·AuNP probe was integrated with sandwich immunoassay, biotinylated antibody, and avidin-conjugated GOx for the selective naked-eye detection of rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) and human-prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The lowest detectable concentrations of rabbit IgG and human PSA by the naked eye were down to 0.1 and 4 ng/mL, respectively. More importantly, the proposed plasmonic immunoassay allowed the naked-eye quantification of 0-10 ng/mL PSA at an interval of 2 ng/mL in plasma samples.

Highly sensitive on-site detection of glucose in human urine with naked eye based on enzymatic-like reaction mediated etching of gold nanorods

“…The successful visual detection of urine glucose in original sample show its applicability for on-site identification of the healthy status of a diabetes patient. Finally, the GNRs-based method for sensitive detection of H 2 O 2 can be used for other H 2 O 2 -based sensing applications, (Chang and Ho, 2015;Liu et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2012;Yang and Tseng 2016) such as GOx-based immunoassay as shown in Scheme S1 (Supplementary Information).…”

“…The detection limit was calculated to be 50 nM according to 3σ rule. The detection limit is much lower than other plasmonic methods (Liu et al, 2014;Yang and Tseng, 2016). The excellent sensitivity to H 2 O 2 will provide a good prerequisite for the ultrasensitive H 2 O 2 -mediated glucose detection.…”

Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide by Inhibiting the p-Benzenediboronic Acid-Triggered Assembly of Citrate-Capped Au/Ag Nanoparticles on Electrode Surface

“…The red-shift band of the UV/vis spectra and the red-to-blue color change are characteristic of Au NP aggregation. The aggregation should contribute to the covalent interaction between boronate in BDBA and citrate on the surface of Au NPs (Figure 1B) [31,32,33,34]. However, the mixture of BDBA/H 2 O 2 did not cause significant changes in the color and absorption spectrum of Au NPs.…”

“…The boronate group in a fluorescent probe is usually removed by H 2 O 2 to yield its corresponding phenol form, thus resulting in an increase/decrease of the fluorescence intensity or a shift of the fluorescence peak. More interestingly, we also noticed that boronic acid can react with citrate to form a boronic acid–citrate complex and the citrate-capped Au/Ag NPs could be simply prepared [31,32,33,34]. Inspired by these facts, herein we conceived a simple electrochemical strategy for the sensitive and selective detection of H 2 O 2 by converting a liquid-phase colorimetric assay into an electrochemical analysis.…”

Colorimetric Method for the Detection of Mercury Ions Based on Gold Nanoparticles and Mercaptophenyl Boronic Acid

“…The results demonstrated that 1.25 μmol dm -3 MPBA can induce the aggregation of 1 nmol dm -3 Au NPs efficiently. Tseng et al 35 reported the boronic acids of BDBA could react with the α-hydroxycarboxylate of citrate, triggering the aggregation of citrate-capped Au NPs. Based on the report, we speculated that the driving force for the MPBA-induced nanoparticle aggregation could arise from the binding of citrate to boronic acids of MPBA and formation of Au-S bond between Au surface and -SH group of MPBA.…”