1.319 μm excited thulium doped nanoparticles for subtissue thermal sensing with deep penetration and high contrast imaging

A dual-ratiometric optical thermometry based on Sr2LaF7:Er3+ crystal-implanted pliable fibers

“…According to the above results, it can be seen that the fibers have similar optical properties to powders while keeping good pliability. 71–79…”

“…According to the above results, it can be seen that the fibers have similar optical properties to powders while keeping good pliability. [71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79] 3.3 Optical thermometric analysis of the SLF-E 8 NCs and SLF-E 8 /PAN composite fibers Currently, the high-intensity green fluorescence is practical, and more likely to be captured by a detector. 2 H 11/2 and 4 S 3/2 thermal coupling levels corresponding to luminescence are used as the main light source for Er 3+ ions and have become the main choice of FIR technology.…”

Ratiometric upconversion luminescence nanoprobes from construction to sensing, imaging, and phototherapeutics

“…This review systematically summarizes various types of ratiometric UCL nanoprobes, referring to the primary structures and compositions of the nanoprobe systems, dual-signal ratiometric modes, sensing mechanisms, and application performances. For convenient mastering, previous studies on ratiometric UCL nanoprobes are appropriately classified and regularly arranged based on specific targets and characters, including temperature (Table 1), 28–84 pH (Table 2), 85–99 inorganic anions, cations, free radicals (Table 3), 100–126 gases, small common molecules, biological small molecules and biomacromolecules (Table 4). 127–162 For a better understanding of construction strategies, the following sections provide principle construction methods and ratiometric dual-signal modes of ratiometric UCL nanoprobes by discussing the state-of-the-art related studies.…”

“…Different types of the UCL ratiometric nanoprobes summarized in table format Ti 3 O 12 :Yb 3+ /Ho 3+ ,83 Gd 2 Mo 4 O 15 :Yb 3+ /Ho 3+ ,65 Gd 4.67 Si 3 O 13 :Eu 3+ /Yb 3+ /Tm 3+ ,58 GdVO 4 :Er 3+ ,84 Gd 2 (WO 4 ) 3 : Ho 3+ /Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ ,[73][74][75] MgMoO 4 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+ ,59 NaNbO 3 :Tm 3+ ,30 NaYF 4 :Yb 3+ /Er 3+ ,47,61,69 Y 2−x MoO 6 :xEr 3+ , 71 Y 2 O 3 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+ , 76 YVO 4 :Yb 3+ /Tm 3+ , 48 etc.…”

Ratiometric Optical Thermometry Based on Emission and Excitation Spectra of YVO4:Eu3+ Nanophosphors

“…Many optical thermometers are based on the ratiometric approach, when temperature is defined from the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) between two thermally coupled levels. − There are two mechanisms of LIR thermometry: the first mechanism is based on the thermoequilibrium between excited energy levels, whereas the second one on the thermoequilibrium between two ground energy levels. Regarding the first mechanism, 5 D 1 and 5 D 0 excited energy levels of Eu 3+ ions have the largest energy gap among all trivalent rare earth ions, which can be used for LIR thermometry.…”