1,3-Diynes synthesis by homo-coupling of terminal alkynes using a Pd(PPh3)4/Ag2O simple catalyst system

Chemicals from Alkynes with Palladium Catalysts

“…352 The process was optimized for the coupling of arylacetylenes using Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 as catalyst (2 mol%) and CuI (8 mol%) as co-catalyst using chloroacetone as oxidant and in the presence of triethylamine as base, in benzene at room temperature. 355 364 In addition, there are examples where no stoichiometric oxidant has been added to achieve the homocoupling using the combination PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 (3 mol%)/CuI (3 mol%) as catalyst, the addition of more triphenylphosphine (9 mol%) being sufficient. 365 This is the case of the homocoupling of propargyl glycosides, although large amounts of PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 (10 mol%) and 1 equivalent of CuI have been necessary.…”

MOL2NET: FROM MOLECULES TO NETWORKS (PROCEEDINGS BOOK), 2017, 3rd edition.

“…In this perspective, agroecosystems can be suppliers and consumers of ecosystem services and humans value these systems chiefly for their provisioning services, and these highly managed ecosystems are designed to provide food, forage, fibre, bioenergy and pharmaceuticals. However, the functioning of agroecosystems depends strongly on a set of ecosystem services provided by the natural resources of untouched ecosystems (Zhang et al, 2007). Soil structure along with genetic biodiversity for use in crop and livestock breeding, soil fertility, nutrient recycling and water supply are considered as support services (Zhang et al, 2007).…”

“…However, the functioning of agroecosystems depends strongly on a set of ecosystem services provided by the natural resources of untouched ecosystems (Zhang et al, 2007). Soil structure along with genetic biodiversity for use in crop and livestock breeding, soil fertility, nutrient recycling and water supply are considered as support services (Zhang et al, 2007). While carbon sequestration is classified as a regulatory service due to the effect it has on climate regulation through greenhouse gas emissions (Power, 2010).…”

“…Primary particles are individual units of sand, silt and clay, while the secondary particles result from the arrangement and binding of primary particles into aggregates by the effect of organic compounds and inorganic cementing agent's suelo (Alvarez y Taboada, 2008). Soil structure and fertility play a large role in determining where different kinds of farming take place and the quantity and quality of agricultural output (Zhang et al, 2007). Earthworms and macro and micro invertebrates increase soil structure via burrows or casts and enhance soil fertility through partial digestion and communition of soil organic matter (Edwards, 2004).…”

“…Earthworms and macro and micro invertebrates increase soil structure via burrows or casts and enhance soil fertility through partial digestion and communition of soil organic matter (Edwards, 2004). Moreover, well-aerated soils with abundant organic matter are fundamental to nutrient acquisition by crops, as well as water retention (Zhang et al, 2007). Also, soil pore structure, soil aggregation and decomposition of organic matter are influenced by the activities of bacteria, fungi and macrofauna, such as earthworms, termites and other MOL2NET, 2017, 3, doi:10.3390/mol2net-03-xxxx 3 invertebrates (Power, 2010; Martinez et al, 2008).…”