1,3-Bis(nitroimido)-1,2,3-triazolate Anion, the N-Nitroimide Moiety, and the Strategy of Alternating Positive and Negative Charges in the Design of Energetic Materials

Abstract

This unique study reports on the 1,3-bis(nitroimido)-1,2,3-triazolate anion. This compound provides unique insight into both academic and practical considerations surrounding high-nitrogen systems. The bonding in this energetic anion can be represented multiple ways, one of which includes a chain of alternating positive/negative charges nine atoms long. The validity of this resonance structure is discussed in terms of experimental, computational, and valence bond results. The prepared materials based on this energetic anion were also characterized chemically (infrared, Raman, NMR, X-ray) and as high explosives in terms of their energetic performances (detonation velocity, pressure, etc.) and sensitivities (impact, friction, electrostatic), and the 1,3-bis(nitroimido)-1,2,3-triazolate anion is found to be very high performing with high thermal stabilities while being quite sensitive to mechanical stimuli.

Computational design of tetrazolone‐based high‐energy density energetic materials: Property prediction and decomposition mechanism

“…Compounds 10, 16, 17, and 24 have higher V D than that of high-energy explosive ONC (9.50 km/s) and 17 has a value of P D comparative to explosive CL-20 (44.10 GPa). Results show that compounds 6,10,11,12,15,16,17,22,23, and 24 own better performance than widely used explosive HMX and may serve as promising candidates of environmentally friendly HEDMs.…”

“…All the tetrazolone-based compouds FIGURE 4 Overall performance of tetrazolone-based compounds (TOs) compared with RDX and HMX in this work except 5, 7, 8, and 14 have similar or even better detonation properties compared to HMX, which is one of the most commonly used high-performance energetic ingredients. Compound 6,10,11,15,16,17,22,23, and 24 own excellent performance with detonation velocity of about 9.5 km/s and detonation pressure of about 41.0 GPa making them potential candidates of new green HEDMs.…”

“…[9] Nitrogen-rich heterocycles represent a unique class of energetic frameworks featuring a large number of energetic NN bonds, planar structures with electronic delocalization, and releasing environmentally friendly N 2 when decomposition or degradation. [10][11][12][13][14] Of these nitrogen-rich heterocycles, tetrazolone possesses high nitrogen and oxygen content, positive HOF, and good stability, which can be used as a building block in the design of new energetic compounds. [15][16][17] Recent researches indicate high-nitrogen content and appropriate source of oxygen (O-NO 2 , N-NO 2 , C-NO 2 , N-O, etc) in the molecular skeleton can enhance oxygen balance and density, which further promote their detonation performance (detonation pressure and velocity).…”

“…These newly designed tetrazolone-based compounds show high densities (up to 2.08 g/cm 3 ) and highly positive heats of formation (407.0-1377.9 kJ/mol) due to all right content of nitrogen and oxygen. Most of them exhibit good detonation velocity (8.31-9.62 km/s) and detonation pressure (32.40-43.86 GPa), and some are comparative to excellent explosive 10,11,12,15,16,17,22,23, and 24 own superior detonation performance than widely used explosive HMX and may be promising candidates of green high-performance energetic materials. …”

Electrostatic Potentials, Intralattice Attractive Forces and Crystal Densities of Nitrogen-Rich C,H,N,O Salts

“…The next most positive ion in Table 1 is the ammonium ion, NH 4 + , which has four hydrogen maxima of 181 kcal/mol, but they are separated by distinctly less positive regions ( Figure 5). We have surveyed 87 nitrogen-rich C,H,N,O salts that have been synthesized during the past five years [16,30,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. (Only anhydrous salts were considered.)…”