1,2-Diarylethanols—A New Class of Compounds That Are Toxic to E. coli K12, R2–R4 Strains

Abstract

An initial study of 1,2-diarylethanols derivatives as new potential antibacterial drugs candidates was conducted. Particular emphasis was placed on the selection of the structure of 1,2-diarylethanols with the highest biological activity of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the model strains of Escherichia coli K12 (without LPS in its structure) and R2–R4 (with different lengths of LPS in its structure). In the presented studies, based on the conducted minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and MBC tests, it was demonstrated that the antibacterial (toxic) effect of 1,2-diarylethanols depends on their structure and the length of LPS bacteria in the membrane of specific strains. Moreover, the oxidative damage of bacterial DNA isolated from bacteria after modification with newly synthesized compounds after application of the repair enzyme Fpg glycosylases was analysed. The analysed damage values were compared with modification with appropriate antibiotics; bacterial DNA after the use of kanamycin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, bleomycin and cloxicillin. The presented research clearly shows that 1,2-diarylethanol derivatives can be used as potential candidates for substitutes for new drugs, e.g., the analysed antibiotics. Their chemical and biological activity is related to two aromatic groups and the corresponding chemical groups in the structure of the substituent. The observed results are particularly important in the case of increasing bacterial resistance to various drugs and antibiotics, especially in nosocomial infections and neoplasms, and in the era of pandemics caused by microorganisms.

δ-Lactones—A New Class of Compounds That Are Toxic to E. coli K12 and R2–R4 Strains

“…Bacterial strains were obtained as a kind gift from Prof. Jolanta Łukasiewicz (Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland). All compounds used in the experiments were the same as described in [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

“…The analysis of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was performed on the basis of the original method described in detail others and by Prost [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ] with its individual modifications for specific compounds analyzed and described in the works [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

“…Interactions of the Plasmid DNA from K12 and R4 strains with the analyzed lactones were described in details in the same way as that of coumarin derivatives, α-amidoamides, and 1,2-diarylethanols [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

“…One of the typical lactones is coumarin and its derivatives, which have a broad antibacterial effect, causing damage to the bacterial cell membrane, e.g., in E. coli strains [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The K12 strain of E. coli belongs to the model organisms among bacteria because its structure, genetics, and metabolism are well known and used in genetic studies.…”

“…Under certain conditions, the colon rod is pathogenic for humans, mainly causing diseases of the digestive and urinary systems. It does not have LPS, unlike the analyzed mutants of E. coli R1–R4, which have a complete LPS core region composed of the outer and inner core [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The most important properties of coumarin and its derivatives include anti-cancer, antiviral, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-thrombotic properties [ 12 ].…”