1,2-butylene carbonate as solvent for EDLCs

Stable Acetals of Glyoxal as Electrolyte Solvents for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…All electrolytes investigated in this study displayed a water content lower than 20 ppm, as measured by Karl‐Fischer titration. The conductivity of the investigated electrolytes has been measured using a ModuLab XM ECS Potentiostat in the temperature range comprise between −20 °C and 80 °C following a procedure identical to that reported in reference . The viscosity of the electrolytes has been determined by using an “Anton Paar” MCR 102 rotational viscometer at 20 °C with a shear rate of 2000 1/s .…”

“…The conductivity of the investigated electrolytes has been measured using a ModuLab XM ECS Potentiostat in the temperature range comprise between −20 °C and 80 °C following a procedure identical to that reported in reference . The viscosity of the electrolytes has been determined by using an “Anton Paar” MCR 102 rotational viscometer at 20 °C with a shear rate of 2000 1/s . The density was determined by using an oscillating U‐tube densitometer DMA 4100 M from “Anton Paar” in a temperature range between 10 °C and 80 °C.The thermal analysis was performed with a Perkin Elmer STA 6000 using nitrogen as carrier gas with a total flow rate of 60 ml/min.…”

Design and Use of a Novel In Situ Simultaneous Thermal Analysis Cell for an Accurate “Real Time” Monitoring of the Heat and Weight Changes Occurring in Electrochemical Capacitors

“…To further investigate this important aspect, the impact of the operating voltage on the stability of EDLCs containing the electrolyte 1 M Pyr 14 BF 4 in PC has been considered. [36,37] Specifically, we compared the changes occurring in EDLCs working in a "safe" operating voltage (2.5 V) with those occurring in a system working at high operating voltage (3.5 V). [38] As shown in Figure 3a, the applied operating voltage has a strong impact on the capacitance retention of the EDLCs.…”

The transesterification of ethylene glycol and 1,2-butanediol with dimethyl carbonate: reaction network and kinetic modeling

“…The formation rate of EC can be represented by eqn (3), where EG and DMC form EC and two molecules of MeOH:…”

“…1,2-Butylene carbonate (1,2-BC) is an excellent high-boilingpoint organic solvent, and one very promising application field is the production of electrolytes, developing better alternatives to ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) for the future production of high-efficiency and high-quality lithium batteries. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Currently, there are several routes for synthesizing 1,2-BC, including the oxidative carboxylation of alkenes, 9 the oxidative carbonylation of alcohols and phenols, 10,11 reactions involving urea, phenols, alcohols, phosgene, and oxetanes, [12][13][14] and direct synthesis involving CO 2 and epoxides. 15 Cyclic carbonate production via transesterification is simpler and more environmentally friendly compared with other synthetic routes, [16][17][18][19][20][21] meeting the requirements of "green chemistry".…”