1,2,4,5-tetrazine based energetic materials

Chávez, David E.; Hiskey, Michael A.

doi:10.1080/07370659908201796

Cited by 225 publications

(150 citation statements)

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“…Most frequently the anion is inorganic, such as nitrate, perchlorate, and dinitramide. [7] Since some organic anions have considerable nitrogen content and are expected to have attractive stabilities toward friction, impact, and heat, they are also good candidates for energetic salt design, e.g., 5,5′-azotetrazolate, [8] 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolate, [9] 4,5-dinitroimidazolate, [9] 3-nitro-triazolate, [10] 5-nitro-tetrazolate, [10,11] iminobis(5-tetrazolate), [8c] 5′-bis(tetrazolate), [8c] bisdinitroimidazolate, [12] 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, [13] picrate, [14] 3-amino-6-nitroamino-tetrazine anion, [15] and trinitroimidazole. [16] Recently, copper complexes of N,N-bis-(1 (2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)amine (H 2 Bta) (1) were reported.…”

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confidence: 99%

Energetic Nitrogen Rich Salts of N,N‐bis[1(2)H‐Tetrazol‐5‐yl]amine

et al. 2007

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Modern high-energy density materials (HEDM), where energetic nitrogen rich salts are among the most recent and exciting developments, continue to attract considerable interest. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The use of nitrogen-containing anions and cations contributes to high heats of formation and high densities arising from the large number of inherently energetic N-N and C-N bonds. Salt-based energetic materials often possess advantages over non-ionic molecules since these salts tend to exhibit lower vapor pressures and higher densities than their atomically similar non-ionic analogues.The decomposition of these compounds results predominantly in the generation of dinitrogen which makes them very promising candidates for applications requiring environmentally friendly highly energetic materials. Syntheses of these energetic salts involve the combination of unique cations and anions containing energetic functionalities. Most of the cations are based on bulky organic species with high nitrogen-containing heterocycles predominating, such as triazole, tetrazole, triazine, and tetrazine. Most frequently the anion is inorganic, such as nitrate, perchlorate, and dinitramide.

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confidence: 99%

Energetic Nitrogen Rich Salts of N,N‐bis[1(2)H‐Tetrazol‐5‐yl]amine

et al. 2007

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“…[91] In an alternative synthetic route, BDT is treated with hydrazine; the resulting hydrazo compound 25 is oxidized using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS). By further treatment with ammonia in DMSO and 2-propanol, the 4-bromo-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl groups of 26 can be replaced quantitatively, forming 27 (DAAT; Scheme 10).…”

Section: Azobistetrazinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Green” Pyrotechnics: A Chemists' Challenge

2008

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Fireworks are probably the application of chemistry which resonates best with the general public. However, fireworks and (civil and military) pyrotechnic applications cause environmental pollution and thus have given rise to the development of new, environmentally friendly pyrotechnic compounds and formulations. Nitrogen-rich energetic materials, such as the derivatives of tetrazoles and tetrazines, are about to revolutionize traditional pyrotechnic compositions. This Review summarizes the sources of pollution in current formulations and recent efforts toward "green" pyrotechnics.

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“…The difference between the internal energies of reactant and product of a reaction is called heat of reaction. [3][4][5] So, the significant advantages such as high heats of combustion, high specific impulse, high propulsive power, as well as smokeless combustion make them very useful as explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. [6][7][8][9] Notable among the most promising recent developments in the chemistry of HEDM's are compounds that combine a high nitrogen content (molecular nitrogen forms the major component of the decomposition products) with a high heat of formation and insensitivity to shock, friction, and electrostatic discharge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, Structural Investigation and Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Two High-Nitrogen Energetic Materials: ZTO·2H₂O and ZTO(phen)·H₂O

Ma¹,

Huang²,

Zhong³

et al. 2013

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Two new high-nitrogen energetic compounds ZTO·2H 2 O and ZTO(phen)·H 2 O have been synthesized (where ZTO = 4,4-azo-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). The crystal structure, elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy are presented. Compound 1 ZTO·2H 2 O crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system with space group Pnna and compound 2 ZTO(phen)·H 2 O in the triclinic crystal system with space group P-1. In ZTO(phen)·H 2 O, there is intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the -NH group of ZTO molecule (as donor) and N atom of phen molecule (as acceptor). Thermal decomposition process is studied by applying the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo thermogravimetric differential analysis (TG-DTG

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1,2,4,5-tetrazine based energetic materials

Cited by 225 publications

References 11 publications

Energetic Nitrogen Rich Salts of N,N‐bis[1(2)H‐Tetrazol‐5‐yl]amine

Energetic Nitrogen Rich Salts of N,N‐bis[1(2)H‐Tetrazol‐5‐yl]amine

“Green” Pyrotechnics: A Chemists' Challenge

Preparation, Structural Investigation and Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Two High-Nitrogen Energetic Materials: ZTO·2H₂O and ZTO(phen)·H₂O

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1,2,4,5-tetrazine based energetic materials

Cited by 225 publications

References 11 publications

Energetic Nitrogen Rich Salts of N,N‐bis[1(2)H‐Tetrazol‐5‐yl]amine

Energetic Nitrogen Rich Salts of N,N‐bis[1(2)H‐Tetrazol‐5‐yl]amine

“Green” Pyrotechnics: A Chemists' Challenge

Preparation, Structural Investigation and Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Two High-Nitrogen Energetic Materials: ZTO·2H2O and ZTO(phen)·H2O

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Preparation, Structural Investigation and Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Two High-Nitrogen Energetic Materials: ZTO·2H₂O and ZTO(phen)·H₂O