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Abstract

leading cosmopolitan center of Civilization, Philosophy, Science and Education, a real arsenal of scientific knowledge and culture, which was playing a decisive role upon the civilization of the Late Antiquity, the Islamic middle age and the Modern European Science. Neurosciences possessed a dominant place in the Hellenistic School of Medicine. 2 The brain as the organ of mind and intelligence, closely related with the soul, the center of the conscious life and reasoning, attracted the attention of physicians, philosophers and many intellectuals in other disciplines. In Alexandria, the Hippocratic Medicine was enriched by many original, important observations on Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System by the eminent Physicians of the School of Alexandria, who were also deeply influenced by the rich philosophical background of the Hellenistic world.