Untitled

Torres, Juan Antonio Vera; Ortega, Esperanza

doi:10.1023/a:1024276328127

Cited by 33 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, there is a profound difference in secretion and circulating concentrations of corticosterone (the main glucocorticoid in the rat); adult female adrenals are nearly twice the size of males; and output of corticosterone is proportionately greater (163, 164, 165, 166). Although as noted earlier, DHEA is synthesized in the rat brain, there is no sex difference, and brain concentrations are similar in males and females (167). Accordingly, in the rat, it is plausible that heightened sensitivity to addictive drugs in females is associated with the higher circulating levels of corticosterone.…”

Section: The Role Of the Adrenal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 73%

Addiction and the adrenal cortex

Vinson¹,

Brennan²

2013

Endocrine Connections

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Substantial evidence shows that the hypophyseal–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and corticosteroids are involved in the process of addiction to a variety of agents, and the adrenal cortex has a key role. In general, plasma concentrations of cortisol (or corticosterone in rats or mice) increase on drug withdrawal in a manner that suggests correlation with the behavioural and symptomatic sequelae both in man and in experimental animals. Corticosteroid levels fall back to normal values in resumption of drug intake. The possible interactions between brain corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) products and the systemic HPA, and additionally with the local CRH–POMC system in the adrenal gland itself, are complex. Nevertheless, the evidence increasingly suggests that all may be interlinked and that CRH in the brain and brain POMC products interact with the blood-borne HPA directly or indirectly. Corticosteroids themselves are known to affect mood profoundly and may themselves be addictive. Additionally, there is a heightened susceptibility for addicted subjects to relapse in conditions that are associated with change in HPA activity, such as in stress, or at different times of the day. Recent studies give compelling evidence that a significant part of the array of addictive symptoms is directly attributable to the secretory activity of the adrenal cortex and the actions of corticosteroids. Additionally, sex differences in addiction may also be attributable to adrenocortical function: in humans, males may be protected through higher secretion of DHEA (and DHEAS), and in rats, females may be more susceptible because of higher corticosterone secretion.

show abstract

Section: The Role Of the Adrenal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 73%

Addiction and the adrenal cortex

Vinson¹,

Brennan²

2013

Endocrine Connections

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These observations suggested the existence of a pituitary adrenal androgen stimulating factor (85). In male and female rats, CRH and ACTH administration stimulates DHEA increase in both plasma and brain (86). DHEA increased also in plasma and adrenal tissue in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) in response to confinement stress (87).…”

Section: Dhea/dheas Release In Response To Acth and Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Do Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and Its Sulfate (DHEAS) Play a Role in the Stress Response in Domestic Animals?

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In animal husbandry, stress is often associated with poor health and welfare. Stress occurs when a physiological control system detects a state of real or presumptive threat to the animal's homeostasis or a failure to control a fitness-critical variable. The definition of stress has mostly relied on glucocorticoids measurement, even though glucocorticoids represent one stress-response system, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, which is not precise enough as it is also related to metabolic regulation and activated in non-stressful situations (pleasure, excitement, and arousal). The mammal adrenal can synthesize the androgenic steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate metabolite (DHEAS), which have been associated to the stress response in several studies performed mostly in humans and laboratory animals. Although the functions of these steroids are not fully understood, available data suggest their antagonistic effects on glucocorticoids and, in humans, their secretion is affected by stress. This review explores the scientific literature on DHEA and DHEAS release in domestic animals in response to stressors of different nature (inflammatory, physical, or social) and duration, and the extra-adrenal contribution to circulating DHEA. Then, the potential use of DHEA in conjunction with cortisol to improve the definition of the stress phenotype in farmed animals is discussed. Although the focus of this review is on farmed animals, examples from other species are reported when available.

show abstract

“…Neurosteroids, like other steroid hormones, can act at the transcriptional level through interaction with nuclear receptors (McEwen, 1994; Rupprecht, 1997; Mo et al, 2004). Neurosteroids may also interact with plasma membrane G protein-coupled receptors either directly (Schiess and Partridge, 2005; Tasker et al, 2006) or indirectly by modulating the binding of neuropeptides to their receptors (Grazzini et al, 1998; Zwain et al, 2002; Torres and Ortega, 2003). In addition, neurosteroids can stimulate tubulin polymerization in cultured neurons by binding to the microtubule-associated protein-2 (Murakami et al, 2000; Plassart-Schiess and Baulieu, 2001; Laurine et al, 2003; Iwata et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Neurosteroid Biosynthesis by Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides

Rego¹,

Seong²,

Burel³

et al. 2012

Front. Endocrin.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The enzymatic pathways leading to the synthesis of bioactive steroids in the brain are now almost completely elucidated in various groups of vertebrates and, during the last decade, the neuronal mechanisms involved in the regulation of neurosteroid production have received increasing attention. This report reviews the current knowledge concerning the effects of neurotransmitters, peptide hormones, and neuropeptides on the biosynthesis of neurosteroids. Anatomical studies have been carried out to visualize the neurotransmitter- or neuropeptide-containing fibers contacting steroid-synthesizing neurons as well as the neurotransmitter, peptide hormones, or neuropeptide receptors expressed in these neurons. Biochemical experiments have been conducted to investigate the effects of neurotransmitters, peptide hormones, or neuropeptides on neurosteroid biosynthesis, and to characterize the type of receptors involved. Thus, it has been found that glutamate, acting through kainate and/or AMPA receptors, rapidly inactivates P450arom, and that melatonin produced by the pineal gland and eye inhibits the biosynthesis of 7α-hydroxypregnenolone (7α-OH-Δ5P), while prolactin produced by the adenohypophysis enhances the formation of 7α-OH-Δ5P. It has also been demonstrated that the biosynthesis of neurosteroids is inhibited by GABA, acting through GABAA receptors, and neuropeptide Y, acting through Y1 receptors. In contrast, it has been shown that the octadecaneuropetide ODN, acting through central-type benzodiazepine receptors, the triakontatetraneuropeptide TTN, acting though peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors, and vasotocin, acting through V1a-like receptors, stimulate the production of neurosteroids. Since neurosteroids are implicated in the control of various neurophysiological and behavioral processes, these data suggest that some of the neurophysiological effects exerted by neurotransmitters and neuropeptides may be mediated via the regulation of neurosteroid production.

show abstract

Untitled

Cited by 33 publications

References 30 publications

Addiction and the adrenal cortex

Addiction and the adrenal cortex

Do Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and Its Sulfate (DHEAS) Play a Role in the Stress Response in Domestic Animals?

Regulation of Neurosteroid Biosynthesis by Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About