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Examining contract modifications in purchasing personal protective equipment: A bargaining approach

“…Modifications represent changes in the structural design of the contract, which may or may not require written acceptance by both parties. The changes provide the exchange partners with avenues for altering their obligations to one another, without involving the courts (Hviid, 1998; Jolls, 1997). Modifications also allow for dealing with unforeseen circumstances or contingencies that were not anticipated in the initial development of the contract such as changes in prices for input goods or changes in access to products or raw materials further upstream in a contractor's supply chain (Phillips et al, 2021).…”

“…The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) defines contract modifications as any structural change to a contract after it has been issued, which is specified in writing (FAR, 2021). Contract modifications may be initiated and signed off on by the government alone, or developed through mutual agreement with contractors (Aivazian et al, 1982; Gatchalian, 1990; Hviid, 1998; Jolls, 1997; Phillips et al, 2021). Mutually agreed-upon terms of modifications deserve attention as they can reposition the influence of parties to the contract (Aivazian et al, 1982), providing avenues for the parties of the contract to bargain with one another.…”

Pedagogical Perspectives on Play

“…Child-centred pedagogy is known throughout Scandinavian countries, particularly in Denmark. 18 Cooperative pedagogy implies signifi cant interactions and reciprocal infl uence between all the subjects in the pedagogical context. Children and pedagogues are subjects with different identities and personalities having different intentions and goals that need to be mediated in dialogical ways to make a consistent and pertinent pedagogical context.…”