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Yeates-Frederikx, M. H. M.; Nijman, Henk; Logher, E.

doi:10.1023/a:1005500803764

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Several other studies have also examined specific groups of children with ASD based on factors such as gender and intelligence [40][41][42]. Nevertheless, these studies did not substantiate the hypothesis of a seasonality effect.…”

Section: Time Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Influences on Individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorders with Special Emphasis on Seasonality: An Overview

Botsas,

Koidou,

Chatzinikolaou

et al. 2023

Children

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This paper offers an in-depth exploration of the intricate relationship between environmental factors and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with a special emphasis on seasonality. It reviews existing research, providing a comprehensive summary of findings and highlighting the multifaceted dimensions of several environmental factors influencing the etiology of ASD. The discussion encompasses various elements, including birth months, maternal health, dietary choices, and vitamin D deficiency, delving into the intricate interplay of seasonality with environmental influences such as viral infections and solar radiation. The present study raises essential questions regarding the timing of environmental influences and the factors contributing to the rising prevalence of ASD. Ultimately, it underscores the need for future epidemiological research to incorporate more extensive investigations of environmental risk factors and employ advanced statistical analyses. This comprehensive overview contributes to a deeper understanding of how environmental factors, particularly seasonality, may be linked to the occurrence of ASD and its increasing prevalence, recognizing the multifaceted and diverse nature of these interactions.

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Section: Time Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Influences on Individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorders with Special Emphasis on Seasonality: An Overview

Botsas,

Koidou,

Chatzinikolaou

et al. 2023

Children

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our literature search identified 20 studies ( Table 3 ); with one study reporting the season/month of conception only [ 74 ], three reporting both the season/month of conception and birth [ 75 , 76 , 77 ], and 16 reporting the season/month of birth only [ 64 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 ]. The number of cases ranged from 54 in a Turkish study [ 79 ] to 19,328 in a US study [ 75 ].…”

Section: Three Major Areas Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most participants in the control groups were live births (13 studies), two included siblings [ 78 , 85 ], one, both siblings and live births [ 89 ], three healthy age and gender matched children [ 78 , 79 , 81 ], and one compared cases with other neuro-developmental disorders [ 86 ]. Most of these studies did not control for any covariates in the statistical analysis [ 76 , 78 , 79 , 81 , 84 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 91 , 92 ]. Eight studies made adjustments for covariates ranging from two [ 82 , 83 ] to 12 covariates [ 64 ], though different factors were considered in these studies.…”

Section: Three Major Areas Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not all studies showed an association between season of birth and risk of autism [ 64 , 77 , 79 , 81 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ]. The absent association in these studies may be attributed, at least in part, to the definition of season (discussed previously).…”

Section: Three Major Areas Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, some studies did not find a season/month of birth effect on aggregated samples but reported seasonal deviations from the general population in autism with comorbidities such as language and developmental delay [ 84 , 85 ]. For example, Yeates Frederiks et al (2000) did not find an effect of season of birth on autism rate in the aggregated sample, but they found a significant seasonal trend for low functioning autism (autism with IQ < 35) (increased rates for autistic births in the second quarter of the year) [ 84 ]. This reflects a trend similar to the Konstantreas et al (1986) [ 92 ] and Stevens et al (2000) [ 85 ] findings of a more pronounced seasonal effect on low functioning and or nonverbal autism.…”

Section: Three Major Areas Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review

et al. 2016

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Low vitamin D status in early development has been hypothesised as an environmental risk factor for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), given the concurrent increase in the prevalence of these two conditions, and the association of vitamin D with many ASD-associated medical conditions. Identification of vitamin D-ASD factors may provide indications for primary and secondary prevention interventions. We systematically reviewed the literature for studies on vitamin D-ASD relationship, including potential mechanistic pathways. We identified seven specific areas, including: latitude, season of conception/birth, maternal migration/ethnicity, vitamin D status of mothers and ASD patients, and vitamin D intervention to prevent and treat ASD. Due to differences in the methodological procedures and inconsistent results, drawing conclusions from the first three areas is difficult. Using a more direct measure of vitamin D status—that is, serum 25(OH)D level during pregnancy or childhood—we found growing evidence for a relationship between vitamin D and ASD. These findings are supported by convincing evidence from experimental studies investigating the mechanistic pathways. However, with few primary and secondary prevention intervention trials, this relationship cannot be determined, unless randomised placebo-controlled trials of vitamin D as a preventive or disease-modifying measure in ASD patients are available.

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