0–7–21 Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Canine Oral Melanoma

Bateman, Karen E.; Catton, Pamela; Pennock, P W; Kruth, Stephen A.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.1994.tb03231.x

Cited by 92 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…17 After radiation therapy of 5 dogs with stage I tumors, 3 dogs with tumors of the lip survived or died of unrelated causes, whereas 2 dogs with tumors of the buccal mucosa died of tumor-related disease. 2 Another study of oral malignant melanomas reported median survival after radiation therapy of 86 weeks for tumors ,5 cm 3 , which was significantly longer than that of dogs with larger tumors. 5 Postradiation progression-free survival of dogs with T1 oral melanocytic neoplasms was reported to be 38 months (mean) and 18.8 months (median), which was significantly greater than that of dogs with T2 and T3 tumors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Survival of Dogs Following Surgical Excision of Histologically Well-differentiated Melanocytic Neoplasms of the Mucous Membranes of the Lips and Oral Cavity

Esplin

2008

Vet Pathol

121

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Abstract. Postsurgical follow-up information was obtained on 64 dogs with 69 histologically welldifferentiated melanocytic neoplasms that involved the mucous membranes of the lips and oral cavity. The patients received no adjunct therapy. Sixty one of 64 dogs (95%) were alive at the end of the study or had died of causes unrelated to the tumor, with a mean survival of 23.4 months and a median survival of 34 months after surgery. Twenty-eight dogs alive at the end of the study had a mean survival of 31.3 months after surgery. There were 2 dogs, which had recurrent tumors, that were still alive at the end of the study. All dogs that died of tumor-related causes (3) and all dogs with recurrent tumors (2) had tumors in the oral cavity.Results of this study indicate that a favorable clinical course and prolonged survival can be expected in most dogs with histologically well-differentiated melanocytic neoplasms of the mucous membranes of the lips and oral cavity, with only local excision of the lesions and no adjunct therapy.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Dogs Following Surgical Excision of Histologically Well-differentiated Melanocytic Neoplasms of the Mucous Membranes of the Lips and Oral Cavity

Esplin

2008

Vet Pathol

121

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“…Survival times quoted for conventionally treated stage II or III oral CMM (Table 1.) range from 3-to 12 months with metastasis being a significant cause of mortality (Bateman et al, 1994;Freeman et al, 2003;MacEwen et al, 1986;Murphy et al, 2005;Proulx et al, 2003). It is, however, worth noting that not all oral CMMs are clinically aggressive and some early stage canine patients as well as patients with histologically benign lesions can have extended survivals (MacEwen et al, 1986;Smedley et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cancer immunology and canine malignant melanoma: A comparative review

Atherton

Morris

McDermott

et al. 2016

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Canine melanoma as a model of human melanomaFor at least two decades, veterinary oncologists have advocated using spontaneously occurring tumours in companion animals as models for human cancer (Knapp and Waters, 1997;MacEwen, 1990). Several recent reviews have readdressed this approach identifying osteosarcoma, mammary tumours, head and neck cancers, bladder carcinomas, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, prostatic carcinoma, lung cancer and pertinently oral canine malignant melanoma (CMM) as good models for human neoplasms (Hansen and Khanna, 2004;Khanna and Hunter, 2005;Paoloni and Khanna, 2008). The major benefits of dogs as tumour models include the ability to study genetically outbred and immunologically intact animals in which cancers develop spontaneously and thus, more likely reflect the process of tumourigenesis compared to experimentally-induced neoplasms. As pets and owners share the same environment, they may be exposed to the same carcinogens, which, in part, drive tumour development. Regarding disease modelling, animal tumours often have similar clinical presentation, tumour biology and histopathological appearance to their human counterparts and usually progress more rapidly, thereby shortening data maturation times. In addition, few "standard of care" therapies exist for dogs meaning that within reason, trial therapeutics can be instigated at any point. Given these benefits, companion animal tumour models more accurately reflect the features of human cancers compared to rodent models with CMM being a desirable example of one such neoplasm. Conversely, the opportunity to translate the potential value of state of the art human therapeutics to the veterinary clinic also exists. Oral canine malignant melanoma (CMM) is a spontaneously occurring aggressive tumour with relatively few medical treatment options, which provides a suitable model for the disease in humans. Historically, multiple immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at provoking both innate and adaptive anti-tumour immune responses have been published with varying levels of activity against CMM. Recently, a plasmid DNA vaccine expressing human tyrosinase has been licensed for the adjunct treatment of oral CMM. This article reviews the immunological similarities between CMM and the human counterpart; mechanisms by which tumours evade the immune system; reasons why melanoma is an attractive target for immunotherapy; the premise of whole cell, dendritic cell (DC), viral and DNA vaccination strategies alongside preliminary clinical results in dogs. Current "gold standard" treatments for advanced human malignant melanoma are evolving quickly with remarkable results being achieved following the introduction of immune checkpoint blockade and adoptively transferred cell therapies. The rapidly expanding field of cancer immunology and immunotherapeutics means that rational targeting of this disease in both species should enhance treatment outcomes in veterinary and human clinics.

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“…In dogs, radiation therapy can be palliative and prolong life in cases without metastatic disease. 33 However, in most instances, dogs with oral melanoma (stage I-IV) develop metastatic disease and die within 34-110 weeks of diagnosis. The poor outcomes associated with conventional treatments have prompted investigations of alternative treatments for malignant melanoma, including immunotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 5-year survival rate for human patients with disseminated disease is less than 5%; 32 the median survival for dogs with stage III melanoma is 14-16 weeks. [29][30][31]33 Neither single-agent nor combination chemotherapy is effective to treat malignant melanoma. In dogs, radiation therapy can be palliative and prolong life in cases without metastatic disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing antimelanoma immune responses through apoptosis

et al. 2003

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We examined the feasibility of using tumor apoptosis at accessible sites to enhance antimelanoma immune responses in a model of spontaneous canine melanoma. We show that priming peripheral blood mononuclear cells with apoptotic melanoma cells significantly enhanced autologous and allogeneic lymphokine-activated killing of tumor cells. Since various pathways required for intrinsic apoptosis are often inactivated in melanoma, we used Fas ligand (FasL) overexpression to promote extrinsic apoptosis. FasL induced apoptosis in five of six cell lines. Each of the susceptible lines, but not the resistant one, expressed Fas mRNA. In addition, direct intratumoral administration of FasL DNA to tumor-bearing dogs was safe, with no adverse events reported over 7 days of observation. A reduction of tumor burden was seen in three of five dogs treated. The reduction of tumor volume was correlated with Fas expression by the tumors, although one dog with a Fas-negative tumor survived for 82 weeks after treatment. Our data show that overexpression of FasL is suitable to promote apoptosis of Fas + melanomas, and support the notion that priming immune responder cells with apoptotic tumor cells may enhance antitumor responses. The results also suggest that intratumoral administration of FasL offers a safe route for therapeutic gene delivery.

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0–7–21 Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Canine Oral Melanoma

Cited by 92 publications

References 34 publications

Survival of Dogs Following Surgical Excision of Histologically Well-differentiated Melanocytic Neoplasms of the Mucous Membranes of the Lips and Oral Cavity

Survival of Dogs Following Surgical Excision of Histologically Well-differentiated Melanocytic Neoplasms of the Mucous Membranes of the Lips and Oral Cavity

Cancer immunology and canine malignant melanoma: A comparative review

Enhancing antimelanoma immune responses through apoptosis

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