0.3-V, 357.4-nW Voltage-Mode First-Order Analog Filter Using a Multiple-Input VDDDA

Abstract

In this paper, a new versatile first-order voltage-mode analog filter using a single multipleinput voltage differencing differential difference amplifier for extremely low-voltage supply and lowfrequency applications is presented. Using multiple-input MOS transistor technique, the filter can realize the first-order transfer functions of non-inverting and inverting low-pass, high-pass, and all-pass filters in a single topology with high input and low output impedance. This is particularly useful for voltage-mode circuits. The filter's pole frequency can be controlled electronically. The filter was used to implement a new quadrature oscillator to confirm its advantages. The multiple-input was applied to bulk-driven differential pairs operating in weak inversion; therefore, the proposed circuit operated from a supply voltage of 0.3 V and consumed 357.4 nW. The circuit was designed in the Cadence program using 0.13 µm UMC CMOS technology. The performance and robustness of the design was validated by intensive simulations, including Monte Carlo and Process, Voltage and Temperature corner analyses. INDEX TERMSVoltage differencing differential difference amplifiers, analog filters, first-order filters, ultra-low power circuits

On the Feasibility of Cascode and Regulated Cascode Amplifier Stages in ULV Circuits Exploiting MOS Transistors in Deep Subthreshold Operation

“…Since the final performance of amplifiers and filters is strictly related to the characteristics of the OTA, considerable effort is dedicated during the design phase to optimize the OTA's figures of merit under ultra-low power (ULP) and ultra-low voltage (ULV) constraints [45]. For instance, parameters such as power consumption, gain bandwidth product (GBW), DC-gain, phase margin, total harmonic distortion (THD), noise, and slew rate, are critical characteristics that need optimization [46], [47].…”

All-Pass Filter IC Design and Its Cascaded Second-Order and Third-Order All-Pass Filters and Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator Applications

“…Any other type of filtering function cannot replace them and can be applied to stereo signals with frequency delays to produce speech echoes and reduce undesired phase shifts caused by noise [4]- [5]. In view of these advantages, many types of APFs have been developed and have received particular attention in the implementation of NAPF and IAPF circuits, including different active components such as positive second-generation current conveyor (CCII+) [6], dual-output CCII (DOCCII) [7]- [8], positive/negative current controlled conveyor (CCCII+/CCCII-) [9], subtractor [10], operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) [11]- [12], inverting second-generation current conveyor (ICCII) [13], differential current conveyor (DCCII) [14], dual-X second-generation current conveyor (DXCCII) [15]- [16], universal voltage conveyor (UVC) [17]- [18], current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA) [19], extra-X second generation current conveyor (EXCCII) [20], differential difference dual-X current conveyor with a buffered output (DD-DXCCII) [21], fully differential current conveyor (FDCCII) [22]- [23], differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) [24]- [31], LT1228 [32], current feedback amplifier (CFA) [33]- [36], positive/negative differential difference current conveyor (DDCC+/DDCC-) [37]- [43], multiple-input OTA (MI-OTA) [44], differential difference transconductance amplifier (DDTA) [45], multiple-input voltage differencing differential difference amplifier (MI-VDDDA) [46], and second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) [47] etc. Among these active elements, DCCII, EXCCII, DXCCII, FDCCII, DD-DXCCII, UVC, CFA, and LT1228 are classified as a combination of active elements.…”

“…The proposed circuit is based on CMOS DDCC+ architecture and realizes a first-order VM-APF chip with the following advantages. In 2023, three first-order universal filters were presented based on MI-OTA [44], MI-DDTA [45], and MI-VDDDA [46]. The bulk-driven multiple-input MOS transistor technique realized these three new applications and has a low-voltage supply [44]- [46].…”

“…In 2023, three first-order universal filters were presented based on MI-OTA [44], MI-DDTA [45], and MI-VDDDA [46]. The bulk-driven multiple-input MOS transistor technique realized these three new applications and has a low-voltage supply [44]- [46]. In the same year, a core structure with a multifunction filter based on a single VCII was proposed [47].…”

“…The OTA-based circuit can electronically adjust important filter parameters. In addition, many circuits require electronically controllable functions that can be easily controlled through active electronic components [9], [11]- [12], [32], [44]- [46]. The designs of electronically controllable filters have been discussed in the literature [47], [54]- [56].…”