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We tested associations between 13 established genetic variants and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 1371 study participants from the Volga-Ural region of the Eurasian continent, and evaluated the predictive ability of the model containing polygenic scores for the variants associated with T2D in our dataset, alone and in combination with other risk factors such as age and sex. Using logistic regression analysis, we found associations with T2D for the CCL20 rs6749704 (OR = 1.68, PFDR = 3.40 × 10−5), CCR5 rs333 (OR = 1.99, PFDR = 0.033), ADIPOQ rs17366743 (OR = 3.17, PFDR = 2.64 × 10−4), TCF7L2 rs114758349 (OR = 1.77, PFDR = 9.37 × 10−5), and CCL2 rs1024611 (OR = 1.38, PFDR = 0.033) polymorphisms. We showed that the most informative prognostic model included weighted polygenic scores for these five loci, and non-genetic factors such as age and sex (AUC 85.8%, 95%CI 83.7%–87.8%). Compared to the model containing only non-genetic parameters, adding the polygenic score for the five T2D-associated loci showed improved net reclassification (NRI = 37.62%, 1.39 × 10−6). Inclusion of all 13 tested SNPs to the model with age and sex did not improve the predictive ability compared to the model containing five T2D-associated variants (NRI = −17.86, p = 0.093). The five variants associated with T2D in people from the Volga-Ural region are linked to inflammation (CCR5, CCL2, CCL20) and glucose metabolism regulation (TCF7L, ADIPOQ2). Further studies in independent groups of T2D patients should validate the prognostic value of the model and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the disease development.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most acute problems of the modern world. The disease is characterized by high ratio of micro- and macrovascular complications. T2DM is a multifactorial and polygenic disease, structure of hereditary predisposition to which may be population-specific. Aim the analysis of allelic associations of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ, rs17366743) with T2DM, its clinical and metabolic characteristics and complications in T2DM patients resident in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Material and methods. 3 PCR-based method of genotyping with polymorphic marker rs17366743 of ADIPOQ gene in 433 T2DM patients and 428 healthy controls, residents of Bashkortostan. Results. The ratio of genotype CT and allele С was higher in T2DM patients compared with controls (15.7% vs. 6.8%; p=0.0002 and 7.8% vs. 3.4%; p0.0001, respectively). Genotype ТТ and allele Т were less frequent in T2DM than in healthy subjects (84.3 and 93,2%; p=0.0002; 92.2 and 96.6%, p0.0001, respectively). The association with the development of diabetic retinopathy and cataract was shown (p=0,044, p=0,008, respectively). Conclusions. Allele C and genotype CT are risk markers of T2DM (OR=2.43 and 2.56 respectively).