Ключевые слова: пептиды, Lactobacillus, T-RFLP, одномерный электрофорез, двумерный электрофорез, протеомика, конина, мясные продукты Аннотация В настоящее время для накопления в мясном сырье функциональных пептидов используют различные методы, в том числе включающие использование спонтанной микрофлоры в ходе автолиза, использование ферментов микробного происхождения (применение стартовых культур) и использование ферментов немикробного происхождения (фер-менты животного и растительного происхождения). Каждый из методов имеет свои специфические особенности воздействия на сырье, что требует их детального изучения. В данной статье рассматривается влияние спонтан-ной микрофлоры ферментированных мясных продуктов из конины на образование биологически активных пепти-дов. С использованием T-RFLP-анализа установлено 21323/2414-438X-2017-2-4-4-19Для цитирования: Чернуха и.М., никонов и.н., Машенцева н.Г., Клабукова Д.л., афанасьев Д.а., Ковалев л.и., ильина л.а. влияние спонтан-ной микрофлоры ферментированных мясных продуктов из конины на образование биологически активных пептидов. ВведениеНа сегодняшний день разработано множество стра-тегий по улучшению функциональной ценности мяса и мясных продуктов, которые могут быть реализованы путем добавления различных функциональных соедине-ний, а также прижизненной модификацией животного сырья. В технологии мясных продуктов функционально-го и специализированного назначения успешно приме-няют модификацию состава (амино-и жирных кислот, контроля натрия хлорида), внесение функциональных элементов и специализированных модулей (раститель-ных компонентов (масел, экстрактов, волокон), соевого белка, натуральных и синтетических антиоксидантов, молочнокислых бактерий, рыбьего жира, производных белков мяса -биологически активных пептидов).Современная стратегия, направленная на увели-чение продолжительности жизни за счет снижения риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний, включает прогнозирование, превентивность или профилактику, персонализацию и партисипатив-ность (принцип четырех «П») [1]. При этом научный прогноз об увеличении средней ожидаемой продол-жительности жизни человека основан на многих направлениях, однако центральное место занимает создание средств эффективной и безопасной профи-лактики социально-значимых заболеваний. В Рос-сии хронические неинфекционные заболевания яв-ляются причиной 75 % всех смертей. При этом на долю сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний приходится около 55 % [2]. Original scientific paper AN INFLUENCE OF SPONTANEOUS MICROFLORA OF FERMENTED HORSEMEAT PRODUCTS ON THE FORMATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PEPTIDES Key words: peptides, Lactobacillus, T-RFLP, one-dimensional electrophoresis, two-dimensional electrophoresis, proteomics, horsemeat, meat products Abstract At present, different methods are used to accumulate functional peptides in meat raw materials, including the use of spontaneous microflora during autolysis, the use of the microbial enzymes (the application of starter cultures) and the use of the non-microbial enzymes (enzymes of animals and plant orig...

The lack of lysine in the diet of pigs negatively affects appetite, weight gain, metabolism and immunity of animals. Most feeds for pigs are deficient in lysine. Synthetic amino acids, as feed additives, make feeds significantly more expensive. In this regards, the biologcs based on microbial producers able to synthetize lysine in the gastrointestinal tract of animals are promising. However, common producers of lysine, Brevibacterium lactofermentum, Escherichia coli and the genus Corynebacterium, are conditionally pathogenic as a causal agents of opportunistic infections. In the present study, we first examined the changes in intestinal bacterial community and the productive performance in Large White pigs («Novgorod bacon», Novgorod Province) under the influence a lysine producing strain Lactobacillus plantarum L-211 (JSC «Bioreactor», Moscow). Taxonomic composition of microorganisms was determined by T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis. For surveillance we used two groups of pigs from 28-to 84-day age, fed with the basic diet (n = 715, group 1, control) and the same diet supplemented with L. plantarum L-211 at the dose not less than 10 9 CFU per animal added to water (n = 657, group 2). Microbial community in the pigs' large intestine was taxonomically divers and included a number of unidentified phylotypes. Here, the predominating bacteria were representatives of the phylum Firmicutes, including mainly Clostridia possessing cellulolytic and amylolytic properties, as well as the members of order Negativicutes able to ferment acids. The phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria were less abundant. The counts of genus Lactobacillus was lower than previously assumed, moreover, there was a complete absence of enterococci and bifidobacteria, which are usually attributed to the autochthonous microbiota of the large intestine of animals and birds. Lysine synthesizing strain L. plantarum L-211 had a high probiotic effect resulting in a significant increase in the counts of genera Lactobacillus (2.94-fold, P < 0.01) and Bacillus (3.29fold, P < 0.01), of phylum Bacteroidetes (5.29-fold, P < 0.01), and class Clostridia (2.05-fold, P < 0.01), whereas the proportions of pathogens from Staphylococcus genus and Сampylobacteriaceae family were below the T-RFLP sensitivity, and the family Pasteurellaceae decreased in number 1.41-fold (P < 0.05). Both the survival and the average daily weight gain (P < 0.05) in pigs, as influenced by the probiotic strain L. plantarum L-211, were higher. L. plantarum L-211 also improved feed conversion efficiency as compared to the control pigs.

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Objectives: Primary-Progredient Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) is an indication in which, until recently, only the best supportive therapy (BSC) was used. Drugs used in highly active remitting multiple sclerosis (HARMS) are high-cost therapy and their effectiveness differ. Ocrelizumab is a new drug from the group of monoclonal antibodies to the CD20 B-lymphocyte receptor and its use can lead to changes in the budget for the treatment of PPMS and HARMS. The aim of the study was to determine the budget impact of the inclusion in the public funding of the use of ocrelizumab in both indications in Russia. Methods: The populations of PPMS and HARMS were determined on the basis of literature data (both is 10% of the total population of MS patients). The analysis point of view (federal and regional), the time horizon (1, 2, 5 years), and analysis scenarios were set basing on MS experts' opinion. For PPMS, it was assumed that patients would receive BSC (existing scenario) or ocrelizumab (new scenario). For HARMS, it was assumed that patients would receive alemtuzumab or natalizumab (existing scenarios 1 and 2) or ocrelizumab (new scenario). Results: The use of ocrelizumab instead of BSC in PPMS increases costs/year by 73 864 873.84 euro. The use of ocrelizumab instead of natalizumab and alemtuzumab in HARMS reduces costs in the first year by 35 134 031,85 and 174 442 131,17 euro, respectively. Conclusions: The use of ocrelizumab instead of BSC in PPMS causes additional budget costs, and in HARMS instead of natalizumab and alemtuzumab, with reduces them. The use of ocrelizumab in both indications could lead to providing PPMS patients with the first effective drug therapy in their indication and at the expense of financial savings associated with the use of ocrelizumab instead of alemtuzumab in HARMS and would not lead to additional costs of MS therapy.

Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus®) is a humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of adults with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). The article presents data on the clinical and MRI efficacy and safety profile of ocrelizumab for the long-term use in patients with MS of various forms of the course. The authors performed the search, systematization and analysis of the pooled data of clinical studies and real clinical practice. Five-year follow-upof ocrelizumab therapy showed a compelling and clinical ly significant advantage in reducing the disease progression in patients with PPMS. After five-year ocrelizumab therapy in patients with PPMS, the study showed a reduction of the proportion of patients with disease progression and degree of brain atrophy, and more frequent achievement of the disease inactivity status (NEDA) as compared to patients with two- year delayed initiation of ocrelizumab therapy. The safety profile of the drug corresponds to the results obtained in the controlled periods of clinical trials.