BackgroundOn August 24, 2011, 31 US-bound refugees from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (KL) arrived in Los Angeles. One of them was diagnosed with measles post-arrival. He exposed others during a flight, and persons in the community while disembarking and seeking medical care. As a result, 9 cases of measles were identified.MethodsWe estimated costs of response to this outbreak and conducted a comparative cost analysis examining what might have happened had all US-bound refugees been vaccinated before leaving Malaysia.ResultsState-by-state costs differed and variously included vaccination, hospitalization, medical visits, and contact tracing with costs ranging from $621 to $35,115. The total of domestic and IOM Malaysia reported costs for US-bound refugees were $137,505 [range: $134,531 - $142,777 from a sensitivity analysis]. Had all US-bound refugees been vaccinated while in Malaysia, it would have cost approximately $19,646 and could have prevented 8 measles cases.ConclusionA vaccination program for US-bound refugees, supporting a complete vaccination for US-bound refugees, could improve refugees' health, reduce importations of vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States, and avert measles response activities and costs.
The article analyzes problems of implementation of the “digital agriculture” program. The role of modern land management in implementing tasks of effective land management is described. Opportunities of modern departmental information systems when addressing issues of geographic information support of the agro-industrial complex are considered. New approaches and digital land management technologies providing a significant (up to 30%) increase in the efficiency of land use were suggested. The need for training the staff under digitalization of the industry was emphasized.
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