Abstract. The second part of the review deals with teratogenic action of the Rubella virus and description of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The review contains updates concerning clinical signs of congenital rubella. The frequency of CRS in modern period of time is discussed.
Abstract. In the third part of the review different methods of diagnostics of postnatal and congenital rubella as well as surveillance tactics and infection control are discussed.
Abstract. This review summarizes data about rubella virus and its teratogenic action, congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), modern methods of diagnostics and prevention of infection. The current article provide information concerning modern knowledge about structural and functional organization of Rubella virus (genius Rubivirus, family Togaviridae), stages of viral reproduction.
Introduction. In a number of countries, including Russia, there is no systematic registration and reporting of parvovirus infection cases; the extent of its spread can be estimated by using humoral immunity rates.Purpose of the study: Assessment of seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 (B19V) in different age groups of population of Russia, Central Asia, and West Africa.Materials and methods. A total of 1,732 blood serum samples from residents of St. Petersburg and Nur-Sultan, migrant workers from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, residents of the Republic of Guinea were studied for IgG antibodies to B19V.Results. The highest seroprevalence rates were identified in St. Petersburg and Nur-Sultan (62–65%); the lowest rates were registered among migrant workers from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan (47%). The results for the Republic of Guinea showed a B19V seroprevalence rate of 53%. It was found that there is an increasing trend of seropositivity with age; the percentage of seropositive individuals clearly increases in older age groups: up to 55% — among migrant workers from Central Asia and residents of the Republic of Guinea; up to 80–85% — among residents of St. Petersburg and Nur-Sultan.Discussion. The obtained results confirm the worldwide occurrence of parvovirus infection. People susceptible to infection can cause infection spreading in high-risk groups — among pregnant women, immunodeficient patients, blood product recipients, and cancer patients.
Parvovirus B19 (PV B19) replicates predominantly in progenitor cells of human erythrocytes and is transmitted by an airborne, vertical through and through blood or infected tissues. At-risk are pregnant women, people with immunodeficiency of different nature and individuals who need blood transfusions or organ transplantation. The available data indicate a high risk of infection through transfusion of blood containing the DNA of parvovirus B19, with viral load 105 copies/ml and above (Hourfar M.K. et al., 2011). According to the requirements of national regulations, the production of therapeutic drugs from plasma assumes the use of raw materials, free from viruses or with minimal viral load (Filatova E.C. et al., 2011). In some foreign countries a study of donor blood for the presence of DNA PV B19 is required; in our country the need for such screening is discussed (Giburt E.B. et al., 2013). Due to the fact that parvovirus is resistant to the methods of blood products desinfection, it is especially important to assess the quality of donor blood. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of the two markers parvovirus infection (IgG and PV B19 DNA) in blood samples from one of the blood centers at St. Petersburg. Plasma samples from 100 blood donors from Military Medical Academy blood centre were tested by ELISA for the presence of IgG antibodies of parvovirus B19. Positive samples were tested by PCR for the DNA of parvovirus B19. ELISA test system recomWell Parvovirus B19 IgG (Microgen GmbH, Germany) and diagnostic kits of Federal State Institution of Science «Central research Institute for epidemiology» of Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow, Russia) which are approved for use in RF was used according to the manufacturers instructions. It was shown that 78 out of 100 donors aged 18 to 58 years had IgG-antibodies.76 positive blood plasma samples were investigated by PCR, with the 19 donors have found DNA of parvovirus B19 (25%). Viral load of one donor was 106 copies/ml. In this case, there is the high risk of infection for the recipient. Results obtained are consistent with literature data. Obviously, it is need to investigate donor blood for parvovirus B19 presence. Obvious that quantification of the DNA of parvovirus B19 in blood products is need.
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