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We report the complete GNO solar neutrino results for the measuring periods GNO III, GNO II, and GNO I. The result for GNO III (last 15 solar runs) is View the MathML source[54.3−9.3+9.9(stat)±2.3(syst)]SNU(1σ)(1σ) or View the MathML source[54.3−9.6+10.2(incl. syst)] SNU (1σ ) with errors combined. The GNO experiment is now terminated after altogether 58 solar exposure runs that were performed between 20 May 1998 and 9 April 2003. The combined result for GNO (I + II + III) is View the MathML source[62.9−5.3+5.5(stat)±2.5(syst)] SNU (1σ ) or View the MathML source[62.9−5.9+6.0] SNU (1σ ) with errors combined in quadrature. Overall, gallium based solar observations at LNGS (first in GALLEX, later in GNO) lasted from 14 May 1991 through 9 April 2003. The joint result from 123 runs in GNO and GALLEX is [69.3±5.5(incl. syst)] SNU[69.3±5.5(incl. syst)] SNU (1σ). The distribution of the individual run results is consistent with the hypothesis of a neutrino flux that is constant in time. Implications from the data in particle- and astrophysics are reiterated

We report the first GNO solar neutrino results for the measuring period GNO I, solar exposure time May 20, 1998 till January 12, 2000. In the present analysis, counting results for solar runs SR1–SR19 were used till April 4, 2000. With counting completed for all but the last 3 runs (SR17–SR19), the GNO I result is [65.8 ± 10.29.6 (stat.) ± 3.43.6 (syst.)] SNU (1σ) or [65.8 ± 10.710.2 (incl. syst.)] SNU (1σ) with errors combined. This may be compared to the result for Gallex (I–IV), which is [77.5 ± 7.67.8 (incl. syst.)] SNU (1σ). A combined result from both GNO I and Gallex (I–IV) together is [74.1 ± 6.76.8 (incl. syst.)] SNU (1σ)

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The conversion of low-grade lignocellulosic biomass such as residual wood or straw to synthetic fuels and chemicals is currently being developed within the bioliq® concept (at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology -KIT, Germany). The aim of this study is to model and assess three different synthesis process concepts with DME (dimethyl ether) as a platform chemical. The process concepts are designed and assessed using existing technologies, as well as the previous studies for pyrolysis and gasification sections. The respective considered products in the selected concepts are synthetic gasoline, ethylene and propylene.Using biomass for these applications can reduce fossil CO2 emissions by replacing non-renewable carbon sources. The techno-economic assessment concludes that total energy efficiency ranges between 37.5% and 41.1% for the production of gasoline and olefins, respectively. The resulting specific production cost in the gasoline concept is 72% higher than the current market price. In the olefins concept the difference to the current market prices of ethylene and propylene is reduced to 40%. The specific production costs in the gasoline and ethylene concept are 59% higher than current market prices. The possibility to sequestrate CO2 within the considered concepts at costs of 39 €/t allow additional revenues from sequestrated CO2. In order to meet current market prices, the implications of sequestrated CO2, mineral oil tax reduction and the combination of both kinds of subsidies are evaluated in this study. Keywords:Techno-economic assessment; Thermochemical biorefinery; Process design and simulation; Dimethyl ether (DME); Gasoline; Olefins IntroductionThe European Union enforces the use of biomass derived transportation fuels by setting a share of 10% biofuels for 2020 [1]. Synthetic gasoline produced from biomass is one of the most promising alternative fuels since it can be used in regular internal combustion engines without modifications. Furthermore biomass can reduce fossil CO 2 emissions by replacing nonrenewable carbon sources in other applications, such as in the chemical industry. The biobased production of olefins is a promising way to produce plastics from biomass. The integrated production of multiple products from biomass is currently discussed for future-expected thermochemical biorefineries using dimethyl ether (DME) as platform chemical, as for example using the DME (hydro)carbonylation route for the production of ethanol, methyl acetate DME and hydrogen from syngas (synthesis gas) [2]. In this study we assess the production of olefins and gasoline separately, i.e. two different concepts, and also the co-production (multiproduction) of gasoline and ethylene.