Vascularization of the prepuce is crucial for hypospadias repair. Identification with high precision is achieved by the illumination technique. This method helps create the best vascularized flaps, whether longitudinal, oblique or spiral.
The effect of botulinum is transitory. However, it can break the circle of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and the period when it is sustained can be used for retraining the patient in normal voiding. At this moment botulinum-A toxin is one of last options in refractory cases of voiding dysfunction.
Closed reduction with percutaneous pinning is the method of choice in the treatment of displaced pediatric supracondylar humeral fracture, while open reduction with K-wire fixation is as a good alternative in cases with clear indications.
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