The direct UV irradiation of nanoparticulate TiO 2 films deposited by the "doctor-blade" technique led to 1.1 µm thick nanoporous and nanocrystalline anatase layers on various kinds of substrates as evidenced by various characterization techniques (MET, SEM, XRD, TGA-MS, and N 2 sorption measurements). These films demonstrated high electrochromic responses and coloration efficiencies in an ionic liquid containing a lithium salt, which is a stable and environmental friendly electrolyte. The coloration efficiency reached 38 cm 2 C -1 for films on ITO/plastic, for a 0.65 absorption change at 710 nm, whereas the corresponding film on FTO/glass showed a 40 cm 2 C -1 coloration efficiency for a 1.1 absorbance change at 710 nm. The high surface area, nanoporous texture, and nanoparticulate structure of these layers provide a large number of intercalation sites, and minimal diffusion path lengths are ensured by the high surfaceto-volume ratio.
SnO2 translucent monolith ionogels were obtained by a sol-gel processing using bis(2-methylbutan-2-oxy)di(pentan-2,4-dionato)tin as a precursor in the presence of various ionic liquids: [BMI][Br], [BMI][TFSI], [BMI][BF4]. The confinement of ionic liquids within the gels was evidenced by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, FTIR and FT-Raman spectroscopy. The ionic liquids could be efficiently washed off, which resulted in supermicroporous solids. Calcination in air at 550 degrees C of the dried monoliths resulted in nanoporous nanocrystalline cassiterite tin dioxide particles with crystallite sizes of about 8-12 nm and mean pore sizes around 5 nm.
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