Appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment was associated with a significant reduction in fatality in patients with bloodstream infection.

Appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment has a significant survival benefit in MRSA bacteraemia. Treatment guidelines should consider this benefit.

In a retrospective study, 80 episodes of nontyphoid salmonella (NTS) bacteremia in children were compared with 55 episodes in adults over a 10-year period. The study disclosed major differences in the predisposition, clinical presentation, and outcome as well as the microbiology of NTS bacteremia in relation to age. Adults were more likely than children to have predisposing diseases (95% vs. 15%, respectively; P < .0001) and to receive prior medications (95% vs. 23%, respectively; P < .0001), particularly immunosuppressive agents (58% vs. 5%, respectively; P < .0001). In most adults (67%), NTS infection presented as a primary bacteremia and was associated with a high incidence of extraintestinal organ involvement (34%) and a high mortality rate (33%). In children, NTS bacteremia was usually secondary to gastroenteritis (75%) and caused no fatalities. Although group D Salmonella (78%) and the serovar Salmonella enteritidis were the predominant isolates from adults, the emergence of infections due to group C Salmonella (46%) and the serovar Salmonella virchow in children was noted.