BackgroundCheckpoint targets play a key role in tumor-mediated immune escape and therefore are critical for cancer immunotherapy. Unfortunately, there is a lack of bioinformatics resource that compile all the checkpoint targets for translational research and drug discovery in immuno-oncology.MethodsTo this end, we developed checkpoint therapeutic target database (CKTTD), the first comprehensive database for immune checkpoint targets (proteins, miRNAs and LncRNAs) and their modulators. A scoring system was adopted to filter more relevant targets with high confidence. In addition, a few biological databases such as Oncomine, Drugbank, miRBase and Lnc2Cancer database were integrated into CKTTD to provide an in-depth information. Moreover, we computed and provided ligand-binding site information for all the targets which may support bench scientists for drug discovery efforts.ResultsIn total, CKTTD compiles 105 checkpoint protein targets, 53 modulators (small-molecules and antibody), 30 miRNAs and 18 LncRNAs in cancer immunotherapy with validated experimental evidences curated from 10 649 literatures via an enhanced text-mining system.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the CKTTD may serve as a useful platform for the research of cancer immunotherapy and drug discovery. The CKTTD database is freely available to public at http://www.ckttdb.org/.
Scandium-doped aluminum nitride (AlScN) has generated great research interest owing to its unique properties. The wurtzite-structure AlScN is compatible with the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process and has improved piezoelectricity compared with undoped aluminum nitride (AlN), making it a promising candidate to be used for next-generation radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical system (MEMS) building blocks. Additionally, the ferroelectricity observed in AlScN can be potentially applied to ferroelectric memory devices. In this spotlight article, we provide a brief introduction of AlScN and summarize the recent progress of AlScN-based applications, including RF acoustic wave resonators, filters, and ferroelectric memory devices. Finally, the current challenges as well as the future opportunities of AlScN materials and related applications are discussed.
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