Multimodal sensing is crucial for soft robots’ environmental interaction and closed‐loop control. The sensing signals of mechanical deformation and temperature changes are often hard to differentiate manually. Herein, two hydrogel sensors are used for simultaneously proprioceptive, thermoceptive, and mechanoreceptive sensing. These stretchable sensors show high sensitivity to strain and temperature changes. Then, a machine learning model composed of a 1D convolutional neural network and a feed‐forward neural network is utilized to decode the sensing signal for various stimuli identification. It is demonstrated that the proposed method can accurately predict the soft actuator's body posture changes, such as bending, twisting, and stretching. In addition, the model can discern contact events with or without thermal stimuli. This data‐driven method for multimodal sensing discrimination might pave the way for future intelligent soft robots.
Paraquat (PQ) causes serious oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, particularly to the lungs. Since lipoxin A4 (LXA4) functions as an anti-inflammatory mediator, the present study aimed to explore its effects on PQ-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. PQ was administered to male Sd rats and RAW264.7 cells to establish a model of poisoning, and LXA4 was used as an intervention drug. LXA4 treatment attenuated PQ-induced lung injury, and this was accompanied by decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β secretion levels, and reduced oxidative stress damage. Additionally, LXA4 treatment inhibited the activation of the inflammation-related signaling molecules, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (Myd88), nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, p-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and p-AKT. Furthermore, the in vitro experiments further confirmed that the beneficial effects of LXA4 on PQ-induced damage were TLR4-dependent. Hence, the present study demonstrated that LXA4 attenuated PQ-induced toxicity in lung tissue and RAW264.7 macrophages, and that this protective effect may be closely related to the mitigation of inflammatory responses, oxidative stress damage and the TLR4/Myd88-mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway.
Mechanical properties of undisturbed root–soil composites were investigated through direct shear tests under different cementation concentrations by microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). The results show that MICP has a significant strengthening effect on the undisturbed root–soil composite, and the maximum shear strength increases by about 160% after grouting. The shear strength of root–soil composites increases with the increase in calcium chloride concentration, and the shear strength increases the most when the concentration is 0.75M. Calcium carbonate formed by MICP treatment has cementitious properties, which increases the cohesion and internal friction angle of the root–soil composite by about 400% and 120%, respectively. The results show that it is feasible to solidify slope and control soil erosion together with microbial and vegetation roots. The research results can serve as a scientific basis and reference for the application of MICP technology in vegetation slope protection engineering.
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