Highlights
BAI score of respondents here is higher than those in previous studies with Chinese.
Quarantined people presented the highest BAI score and incidence of anxiety.
People in high epidemic area showed higher BAI score and incidence of anxiety.
All factors impacted respondents’ anxiety level significantly, except gender.
Observational studies have shown that oxidative stress is highly related to psychiatric disorders, while its cause–effect remains unclear. To this end, a Mendelian randomization study was performed to investigate the causal relationship between oxidative stress and psychiatric disorders. On the one hand, all causal effects of oxidative stress injury biomarkers (OSIB) on psychiatric disorders were not significant (p > 0.0006), while the findings suggested that part of OSIB was nominally associated with the risk of psychiatric disorders (causal OR of uric acid (UA), 0.999 for bipolar disorder (BD), and 1.002 for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); OR of catalase was 0.903 for anorexia nervosa (AN); OR of albumin was 1.162 for autism; p < 0.05). On the other hand, major depressive disorder (MDD) was significantly associated with decreased bilirubin (p = 2.67 × 10−4); ADHD was significantly associated with decreased ascorbate (p = 4.37 × 10−5). Furthermore, there were also some suggestively causal effects of psychiatric disorders on OSIB (BD on decreased UA and increased retinol; MDD on increased UA and decreased ascorbate; schizophrenia on decreased UA, increased retinol and albumin; ADHD on increased UA, and decreased catalase, albumin, and bilirubin; AN on decreased UA). This work presented evidence of potential causal relationships between oxidative stress and psychiatric disorders.
BackgroundIdentifying high-risk groups of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) with multiple risk factors and different functional subtypes contribute to implementing person-centered interventions.MethodsWe investigated NSSI profiles among a sample of 258 psychiatric inpatients aged 18–25 years. All participants completed well-validated measures of internal personal and external environmental characteristics. One-hundred and ninety patients reported a lifetime history of NSSI and completed an additional NSSI assessment. A k-means cluster analysis was conducted to extract characteristics of risk factors and functional subtypes. Independent sample t-test, analysis of variance and χ2 test were used to test the difference of demographic statistical factors, risk factors and functional scores among groups with different frequency of NSSI.ResultsThe clustering of risk factors analyses supported 4-clusters. The proportion of repeat NSSI patients was the highest (67.1%) in the group with unfavorable personal and unfavorable environmental characteristics. Functional subtype clustering analyses supported 5-clusters. Among patients with repeated NSSI, those with depression were mainly accompanied by the “Sensation Seeking” subtype (39.7%), bipolar disorder mainly supported the “Anti-suicide” subtype (37.9%), and eating disorders were mostly “Social Influence” subtype (33.3%). There was an interaction between functional subtypes and mental disorders.LimitationsAll participants were in treatment in a psychiatric service and the results may not be generalizable to a community sample. The data included retrospective self-report which may be inaccurate due to recall bias.ConclusionIt is necessary to identify high-risk groups of NSSI who with unfavorable personal and environmental characteristics and clinical interventions need to consider the heterogeneity of patients’ functional subtypes of NSSI.
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