Broad‐range‐response pressure‐sensitive wearable electronics are urgently needed but their preparation remains a challenge. Herein, we report unprecedented bioinspired wearable electronics based on stretchable and superelastic reduced graphene oxide/polyurethane nanocomposite aerogels with gradient porous structures by a sol‐gel/hot pressing/freeze casting/ambient pressure drying strategy. The gradient structure with a hot‐pressed layer promotes strain transfer and resistance variation under high pressures, leading to an ultrabroad detection range of 1 Pa–12.6 MPa, one of the broadest ranges ever reported. They can withstand 10 000 compression cycles under 1 MPa, which can't be achieved by traditional flexible pressure sensors. They can be applied for broad‐range‐response electronic skins and monitoring various physical signals/motions and ultrahigh pressures of automobile tires. Moreover, the gradient aerogels can be used as high‐efficient gradient separators for water purification.
Recently, with the increasing demand for artificial skins and human bodily motion/physical signals monitoring, flexible pressure sensors with a wide detection range are urgently needed. Transparent and stretchable gels with ionic conductivities are considered to be ideal candidates for flexible pressure sensors. However, the gel-based pressure sensors usually show a relatively narrow detection range, which significantly limits their practical applications. Herein, we report an unprecedented bioinspired highly flexible modulus/conductivity-dual-gradient poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) ionogel, which is achieved by constructing three layers of PIL ionogels with different monomer concentrations via a layer-by-layer gelation method. The flexible pressure sensor based on the gradient PIL ionogel exhibits an ultrabroad detection range of 10 Pa−1 MPa. This wearable pressure sensor is highly stable in environments and able to monitor both the tiny pressures as low as 10−100 Pa and the high pressures up to 0.1−1 MPa during human body movements. This work provides a powerful strategy for the preparation of flexible gradient materials that are promising for wearable electronics with a wide pressure detection range.
Flexible sensors, as a kind of indispensable branch of flexible electronics, are garnering substantial in medical and industrial applications. Ever‐evolving advances in nanowires in their myriad forms have fueled many of the developments in this field. However, recent researches have extensively focused on the intrinsic properties of these nanomaterials, rationally designed structures, which are pivotal in sensing performance, to a large extent, are undervalued. Hereon, the latest advances in the structure design, together with controlled fabrication of nanowires for better sensing performance are highlighted. In specific, nanowires are classified according to morphologies and hybrid forms and their corresponding fabrication methodologies and influence on sensing properties are briefly discussed. Then, construction strategies for nanowire‐based sensors, including materials assembly and macroscopical design are systematically summarized. Subsequently, the characteristics and advantages of flexible sensors induced by various nanowires, including physical/physiological/multifunctional parameters sensing are reflected in the application examples. Finally, conclusions and challenges are presented for the development of nanowire‐based flexible sensors, as well as frontier strategies especially bionic design. This review is aimed at providing a valuable and systematic understanding of nanowires in sensing system and then serves as inspiration for intelligent designs in flexible future electronics.
Broad-range-response pressure-sensitive wearable electronics are urgently needed but their preparation remains a challenge. Herein, we report unprecedented bioinspired wearable electronics based on stretchable and superelastic reduced graphene oxide/ polyurethane nanocomposite aerogels with gradient porous structures by a sol-gel/hot pressing/freeze casting/ambient pressure drying strategy. The gradient structure with a hot-pressed layer promotes strain transfer and resistance variation under high pressures, leading to an ultrabroad detection range of 1 Pa-12.6 MPa, one of the broadest ranges ever reported. They can withstand 10 000 compression cycles under 1 MPa, which can't be achieved by traditional flexible pressure sensors. They can be applied for broad-rangeresponse electronic skins and monitoring various physical signals/motions and ultrahigh pressures of automobile tires. Moreover, the gradient aerogels can be used as high-efficient gradient separators for water purification.
137Cs+ is strongly radioactive, and has extremely high environmental mobility. It is thus a highly hazardous pollutant; meanwhile it is also a useful resource in medical therapy process. The technology...
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