Background. Diabetes is a major public health concern. In addition, there is some evidence to support curcumin as part of a diabetes treatment program. Methods. Data from randomized controlled trials were obtained to assess the effects of curcumin versus placebo or western medicine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study’s registration number is CRD42018089528. The primary outcomes included homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). Results. Four trials involving 453 patients were included. The HOMA-IR of curcumin group is lower in Asia (WMD: −2.41, 95% CI: −4.44 to −0.39, P = 0.02 ) and the Middle East subgroups (WMD: −0.60, 95% CI: −0.74 to −0.46, P < 0.00001 ). The HbAlc in the curcumin group is lower than that in the control group (WMD: −0.69; 95% CI: −0.91, −0.48; P < 0.0001 ). The TC and TG levels of the curcumin group are lower in the Asia subgroup (TC: WMD: −23.45, 95% CI: −40.04 to −6.84, P = 0.006 ; TG: WMD: −54.14, 95% CI: −95.71 to −12.57, P = 0.01 ), while in the Middle East the difference was of not statistically significant (TC: WMD: 22.91, 95% CI: −16.94 to 62.75, P = 0.26 ; TG: WMD: −4.56, 95% CI: −19.28 to 10.16, P = 0.54 ). Conclusion. Based on the current evidence, curcumin may assist in improving the insulin resistance, glycemic control, and decreased TG and TC in patients with T2DM.
Gene translation requires the correct selection of start codon AUG in mRNA. ATP-binding cassette subfamily F member 1 (ABCF1) plays a key role in the accuracy of start codon selection. However, the function of human ABCF1 is not clearly understood. Here, we solve the crystal structure of an ATP-bound wild-type human ABCF1 at 2.3-Å resolution. The comparative studies indicate that the structure is in a pre-activation intermediate conformation. This conformation is stabilized by the interaction between ATP and protein. Thus, we propose that this conformation is an important step in the activation of ABCF1. This study extends our understanding of ABC (ATP-binding cassette) protein activation at the molecular level.
Background. Diabetes is a major public health concern. Resveratrol has shown great beneficial effects on hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and as an antioxidant. Methods. We searched the Chinese and English databases (such as CNKI, PubMed, and Embase) and extracted data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Then, RevMan 5.3 was used for bias risk assessment and meta-analysis. The primary outcome indicators include insulin-resistance-related indicators and blood-lipid-related indicators. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018089521). Results. Fifteen RCTs involving 896 patients were included. For insulin-resistance-related indicators, the summary results showed that, compared with the control group, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the resveratrol group is lower (WMD: −0.99; 95% CI −1.61, −0.38; P = 0.002 ). For blood-lipid-related indicators, the total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in the resveratrol group is of no statistical significance (for TC, WMD: −7.11; 95% CI −16.28, 2.06; P = 0.13 ; for TG, WMD: −2.15; 95% CI −5.52, 1.22; P = 0.21 ). For adverse events, the summary results showed that there was no statistical difference in the incidence of adverse events between the resveratrol and control groups (WMD: 2; 95% CI 0.44, 9.03; P = 0.37 ). Conclusion. Based on the current evidence, resveratrol may improve insulin resistance, lower fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, and improve oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), an aggressive malignant tumor, has a high incidence and unfavorable prognosis. Recently, the synergistic effect of pyroptosis in antitumor therapy and regulation of tumor immune microenvironment has made it possible to become a novel therapeutic method, but its potential mechanism still needs further exploration. Methods. Differentially expressed genes with prognostic value in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma Project of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-LIHC) cohort were screened and incorporated into the risk signature by Cox proportional hazards regression model and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to conduct survival comparisons and estimate prediction ability. The dataset of Liver Cancer-RIKEN, Japan Project from International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC-LIRI-JP) cohort was used to verify the reliability of the signature. Correlation analysis between clinicopathological characteristics, immune infiltration, drug sensitivities, and risk scores was conducted. Functional annotation analyses were performed for the genes differentially expressed between high-risk and low-risk groups. Results. A risk signature consisting of 6 pyroptosis-related genes in HCC was developed and validated. KM curves and ROC curves revealed its considerable predictive accuracy. Higher risk scores meant more advanced grade, higher alpha-fetoprotein level, and stronger invasive ability. Overexpressed genes in high-risk population were more enriched in the immune-associated pathways, and these patients might be more sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors instead of Sorafenib. Intriguingly, 6 identified genes were promising to be prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of HCC. Conclusions. The signature may have crucial clinical significance in predicting survival prognosis, immune infiltration, and drug efficacy based on pyroptosis-related genes.
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