Radiance measurements from a geostationary hyperspectral infrared sounder (GeoHIS) with high temporal resolution not only provide a continuous weather cube of atmospheric temperature and moisture information at different pressure levels, but also enable derivation of three‐dimensional (3D) horizontal winds by tracking atmospheric water vapor features. However, GeoHIS radiances are influenced by sub‐footprint cloudiness, which needs to be considered in tracking the moisture features for deriving the atmospheric wind fields. By combining the collocated high spatial resolution cloud information from an imager onboard the same platform, the 3D horizontal wind retrievals can be improved, and the influence of sub‐footprint cloudiness on winds can be quantified for better applications. Using data from the Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI) and Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder onboard the same experimental geostationary satellite Fengyun‐4A, it is found that 3D horizontal wind retrievals can be derived under both clear and partially clear skies with reasonable accuracy. Sub‐footprint cloud information provides noticeable improvement in wind retrievals; higher/lower clouds have more/less influence while thicker/thinner clouds have more/less influence, respectively, on the wind product. The sub‐footprint cloudiness (cloud‐top pressure and cloud coverage) provides a good indication of the quality flag for quantitative applications of the 3D horizontal wind product.
Using meteorological satellites for long-term and continuous observations plays an important role in weather, climate, and environmental research. Due to the degradation of satellite sensors, performance stability needs to be monitored and evaluated and corrected for any degradation. Imagers onboard geostationary (GEO) weather satellites are important sensors for observing the environment and weather with both high temporal and spatial resolutions.Inter-calibration based on a hyperspectral sensor with high calibration accuracy is an effective way to evaluate the in-orbit calibration accuracy of a broad band imager (Hewison et al., 2013). The existing polar-orbiting hyperspectral IR sensors, such as Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI), Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) (Menzel et al., 2018) have high radiometric/spectral calibration accuracy with stability in-orbit (
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