Bi and Sn co-doped perovskite BaFe0.8−XSn0.2BiXO3−δ materials have been designed and characterized as a series of new cathodes for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), providing a new life for the traditional BaFeO3-based cathodes.

Simultaneous in situ bioimage tracing and temperature sensing have been two of the foci of modern biomedicine that have given birth to designing novel luminescent nanothermometers with dual functions. To minimize the disadvantages of existing approaches, like the surface effect of nanoparticles, autofluorescence, and/or the thermal effect described herein, a bifunctional (simultaneous in vivo bioimaging and local tissue temperature sensing) ratiometric afterglow nanothermometer has been realized in the physiological temperature range (298−325 K) based on persistent luminescent Cr 3+ (with d electron configuration)doped zinc gallogermanate nanoparticles. The contributions of the radiative 2 E → 4 A 2 and 4 T 2 → 4 A 2 transitions of surface and interior Cr 3+ to the near-infrared afterglow dual emissions are modeled, and the measured thermal sensitivities (0.043−0.047 K −1 ) for detecting the temperature of a human serum albumin solution are 1 order of magnitude higher than those using an upconverting luminescent nanoparticle strategy. For a local tissue with various thicknesses (0−15 mm), a similar detection sensitivity can be obtained because of the use of the near-infrared wavelength. Meanwhile, in situ temperature sensing can recur after near-infrared light (808 nm) re-excitation.

Two different types of proton-blocking composite cathode materials with different oxygen transfer mechanisms used for H-SOFCs were evaluated for the first time.