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Nevertheless, the efficiency of the printable mesoscopic PSCs still lags behind the conventional PSCs. Though extensive methods have been conducted to improve the performance of such devices, including additives, [12][13][14][15][16] composition engineering, [17,18] and crystallization control, [18][19][20] the highest PCE reported so far is 18.2% using an acetamidinium mixed methylammonium lead iodide perovskite. [21] In the meantime, though FAPbI 3 perovskites are believed and reported to yield higher PCEs, we only achieved a PCE of ≈16% using FAPbI 3 perovskite.

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