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Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the primary retinal vascular complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness. It affects the global diabetic population. In Ethiopia, about one-fifth of diabetic patients were affected by DR, but there were inconsistent finding across studies about the determinants factors of DR. Therefore, we aimed to identify the risk factors for DR among diabetic patients. Methods We have accessed previous studies through an electronic web-based search strategy using PubMed, Google (Scholar), the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library with a combination of search terms. The quality of each included article was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Assessment Scale. All statistical analyses were carried out using Stata version 14 software. The odds ratios of risk factors were pooled using a fixed-effect meta-analysis model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q statistics and I-Square (I2). Furthermore, publication bias was detected based on the graphic asymmetry test of the funnel plot and/or Egger’s test (p< 0.05). Results The search strategy retrieved 1285 articles. After the removal of duplicate articles, 249 articles remained. Following further screening, about 18 articles were assessed for eligibility, of which three articles were excluded because of reporting without the outcome of interest, poor quality, and not full text. Finally, fifteen studies were reviewed for the final analysis. Co-morbid hypertension (HTN) (AOR 2.04, 95%CI: 1.07, 3.89), poor glycemic control (AOR = 4.36, 95%CI: 1.47, 12.90), and duration of diabetes illness (AOR = 3.83, 95%CI: 1.17, 12.55) were found to be confirmed associated factors of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion In this study, co-morbid HTN, poor glycemic control, and longer duration of diabetes illness were found to be the determinant factors of DR. Aggressive treatment of co-morbid HTN and blood glucose, and regular eye screening should be implemented to reduce the occurrence of DR. Trial registration The review protocol was registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) with registration number PROSPERO: CRD42023416724.

Background Trauma is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adult population in the world. Despite many improvements in technology and care, mortality among trauma patients in the intensive care unit is still high particularly in Ethiopia. However, there is limited evidence on the incidence and predictors of mortality among trauma patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of mortality among adult trauma patients admitted to intensive care units. Methods Institutional-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted from January 9, 2019 to January 8, 2022. A total of 421 samples were chosen using simple random sampling. Data were collected with Kobo toolbox software and exported to STATA version 14.1 software for data analysis. Kaplan–Meier failure curve and log-rank test were fitted to explore the survival difference among groups. After the bivariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis, an Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) was reported to declare the strength of association and statistical significance, respectively. Result The overall incidence rate of mortality was 5.47 per 100 person-day observation with a median survival time of 14 days. Did not get pre-hospital care (AHR = 2.00, 95%CI 1.13, 3.53), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score < 9 (AHR = 3.89, 95%CI 1.67, 9.06), presence of complications (AHR = 3.71, 95%CI 1.29, 10.64), hypothermia at admission (AHR = 2.11, 95%CI 1.13, 3.93) and hypotension at admission (AHR = 1.93, 95%CI 1.01, 3.66) were found significant predictors of mortality among trauma patients. Conclusion The incidence rate of mortality among trauma patients in the ICU was high. Did not get pre-hospital care, GCS < 9, presence of complications, hypothermia, and hypotension at admission were significant predictors of mortality. Therefore, healthcare providers should give special attention to trauma patients with low GCS scores, complications, hypotension, and hypothermia and better to strengthen pre-hospital services to reduce the incidence of mortality.

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Introduction Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a potentially fatal form of respiratory failure among COVID-19 patients. Globally, there are inconsistent findings regarding acute respiratory distress syndrome among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate the pooled prevalence of acute respiratory syndrome among COVID-19 patients Methods We have accessed previous studies through an electronic web-based search strategy using PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library with a combination of search terms. The quality of each included article was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa assessment Scale for cross-sectional studies. All statistical analyses were done using STATA version 14 Software for Windows, and meta-analysis was carried out using a random effect model. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane Q statistics and I-Square (I2), and the publication bias was detected based on the graphic asymmetry of funnel plot and/or Egger’s test. Results Out of 645 studies screened, 11 studies with 2845 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the proportion estimation. The overall pooled prevalence of ARDS was found to be 32.2%(95% CI = 27.70%-41.73%). The heterogeneity test (I2) of the study was 97.3% with p value < 0.001. The study indicates there is a considerable variability across the studies. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were computed to detect the effect of variation. Furthermore, the publication bias was evaluated then after the trim and fill analysis was conducted. Conclusion The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome was found to be high, which needs a global effort to combat its morbidity and mortality. Therefore, both the governmental and non-governmental organizations better give emphasis on COVID-19 prevention.