A B S T R A C TObjective: To discuss hospital pharmacists' role in providing pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to promote patient care and management during the pandemic. Method: Based on the method of evidence-based pharmacy, clinical evidence of therapeutical drugs for COVID-19 were retrieved and summarized. Based on clinical experience Chinese hospital pharmacists gained from providing pharmaceutical care services during COVID-19 pandemic, taking COVID-19 hospitalized patients' needs into consideration, the methods and strategies hospital pharmacists shall use to provide pharmaceutical care were analyzed and summarized. Results: Hospital pharmacists shall support pharmaceutical care services by participating in making evidence-based decisions for medication, monitoring and evaluation of medication safety and efficacy, providing strengthened care for special population and patients with combined underlying diseases, monitoring and management of convalescent plasma therapy, providing emotional counselling and psychological support, and providing scientific information about COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusion: The need of pharmaceutical care services in COVID-19 hospitalized patients during this pandemic was quite distinguished from the past. Hospital pharmacists shall join the collaborative multidisciplinary team to improve COVID-19 patients' outcome and reduce mortality, and to facilitate the pandemic control.
We study the exclusive decays of B meson into P-wave charmonium states χ cJ (J = 0, 1) in the QCD factorization approach with light-cone distribution functions describing the mesons in the processes. For B → χ c1 K decay, we find that there are logarithmic divergences arising from nonfactorizable spectator interactions even at twist-2 order and the decay rate is too small to accommodate the experimental data. For B → χ c0 K decay, we find that aside from the logarithmic divergences arising from spectator interactions at leading-twist order, more importantly, the factorization will break down due to the infrared divergence arising from nonfactorizable vertex corrections, which is independent of the specific form of the light-cone distribution functions. Our results may indicate that QCD factorization in the present form may not be safely applied to B-meson exclusive decays to charmonium states. PACS numbers: 13.25.Hw; 14.40.GxExclusive nonleptonic B-meson decays provide a important opportunity to determine the parameters of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix, to explore CP violation and to observe new physics effects. Recently, B physics has received extensive experimental attention such as from high-energy experiments at the Tevatron and at the e + e − B factories. On the other hand, although the underlying weak decay of the b quark is simple, quantitative understanding of nonleptonic B-meson decays is difficult due to the complicated strong-interaction effects.Beneke et al. have considered two-body nonleptonic B-meson decays extensively including light-light as well as heavy-light final states within the QCD factorization approach [1,2,3]. The general idea is that in the heavy quark limit m b ≫ Λ QCD , the transition matrix elements of operators in the hadronic decay B → M 1 M 2 with M 1 being the recoiled meson and M 2 being the emitted meson can be calculated in an expansion in 1/m b and α s . The leading term in 1/m b assumes a simple form[2]:where M 2 is a light meson or a quarkonium and F BM 1 is the B → M 1 transition form factor; φ M is meson light-cone distribution amplitude and T I,II are perturbatively calculable hard scattering kernels. If we neglect strong interaction corrections, eq.(1) reproduces the result of naive factorization. However, hard gluon exchange between M 2 and BM 1 system implies a nontrivial convolution of hard scattering kernels T I,II with the light-cone distribution amplitude 1
In the framework of QCD factorization, we study the B meson exclusive decays B → χcJ K where the spin-triplet P-wave charmonium states χcJ (J = 0, 1, 2) are described by the color-singlet nonrelativistic wave functions. We find that for these decays (except χc1) there are infrared divergences arising from nonfactorizable vertex corrections as well as logarithmic end-point singularities arising from nonfactorizable spectator interactions at leading-twist order. The infrared divergences due to vertex corrections will explicitly break down QCD factorization within the color-singlet model for charmonia. Unlike in the inclusive decays where the higher Fock states with color-octet cc pair and soft gluon can make contributions to remove the infrared divergences, their contributions can not be accommodated in the exclusive two body decays. As a result, the infrared divergences encountered in exclusive processes involving charmonia may raise a new question to the QCD factorization and NRQCD factorization in B exclusive decays.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.