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24Primary somatosensory neurons are specialized to transmit specific types of sensory 25 information through differences in cell size, myelination, and the expression of distinct 26 receptors and ion channels, which together define their transcriptional and functional 27 identity. By transcriptionally profiling sensory ganglia at single-cell resolution, we find that 28 different somatosensory neuronal subtypes undergo a remarkably consistent and 29 dramatic transcriptional response to peripheral nerve injury that both promotes axonal 30 regeneration and suppresses cell identity. Successful axonal regeneration leads to a 31 restoration of neuronal cell identity and the deactivation of the growth program. This 32 injury-induced transcriptional reprogramming requires Atf3, a transcription factor which is 33 induced rapidly after injury and is necessary for axonal regeneration and functional 34 recovery. While Atf3 and other injury-induced transcription factors are known for their role 35 in reprogramming cell fate, their function in mature neurons is likely to facilitate major 36 adaptive changes in cell function in response to damaging environmental stimuli. 37 38

Highlights d A conserved SMARCB1 C-terminal a helix binds the nucleosome acidic patch d Recurrent point mutations disrupt this interaction and mSWI/ SNF nucleosome remodeling d The SMARCB1 CTD is dispensable for genome-wide BAF complex targeting d Heterozygous SMARCB1 mutations impede Ngn2-mediated neuronal differentiation

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