The relevance of the article is determined by the need to study money laundering in the digital economy since the gradual transition of the state economy to a digital format, including the emergence of electronic money, the spread of electronic banking and the use of other information technologies, leads to the emergence of new methods and schemes for money laundering, which requires the simultaneous identification of contemporary risks of counteracting this type of crime and the search for ways of improving such activity. The purpose of the article is to study the current status and to search for ways to improve the fight against money laundering in the digital economy. Abstract logical, comparative legal methods and critical analysis were used to achieve this goal. It has been found that advances brought by the digital economy were profitable tools for money laundering. The negative consequences of money laundering have been discussed, which updates the task of finding optimal areas for counteraction. It is concluded that such areas are as follows: improving the IT infrastructure of banks, establishing relationships between banks and law enforcement agencies, preventing cybercrime, improving the financial monitoring system, ensuring the interaction of financial monitoring entities and law enforcement agencies. The conclusions and provisions set forth in the article are aimed at improving state policy in the field of combating money laundering, taking into account the challenges of the digital economy.
In connection with the numerous facts of violations of the special legal regime of historical and cultural lands, in particular, their illegal development, a number of draft laws have been developed, which increase the responsibility for the destruction of immovable cultural heritage and violation of the traditional nature of the environment. The presented work is devoted to the analysis of legislative initiatives enshrined in the draft law No. 4562 «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning Strengthening Responsibility for the Destruction of Immovable Cultural Heritage and Violation of the Traditional Nature of the Environment», and the correlation of the provisions of this draft law with the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Land Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On the Protection of Cultural Heritage». Thus, the draft law is proposed to supplement Art. 197-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine «Unauthorized occupation of a land plot and unauthorized construction» with three new parts regarding the unauthorized construction of buildings or structures: in the historical area of historical settlements (Part 5 of Art. 197-1); on the territory of a historical and cultural reserve, a historical and cultural protected area, a world heritage site or in its buffer zone (Part 6 of Art. 197-1); and the acts provided for by parts five and six of this article, if they are committed repeatedly (Part 7 of Art. 197-1). In addition, it is proposed to determine the type and amount of punishment for these acts. The conducted research shows that the criminal law norms described in Art. 197-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, are able to implement a protective function regarding illegal occupation or unauthorized construction on lands of historical and cultural purposes, and therefore there is no need to adopt the law draft No. 4562 «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning Strengthening Responsibility for the destruction of immovable cultural heritage and violation of the traditional character of the environment», which is imperfect in terms of legal drafting methodology. However, a promising direction of scientific research and possible legislative initiatives on the issue under consideration may be the development of measures of criminal legal action against persons who illegally build up the lands on which cultural heritage sites are located.
The public danger of illegal drug trafficking, drug addiction and related phenomena is obvious; therefore the world community is making significant efforts to counter these phenomena, because only through joint efforts it is possible to ensure an effective counteraction to drug trafficking. For this purpose, states adopt a significant number of international normative legal acts. The issues of countering the illegal drug trafficking, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors are considered both within the framework of general documents on combating crime, and in special acts. Taking into account the European integration course of Ukraine, the expansion of international cooperation in the sphere of combating the illegal drug trafficking drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors, the following issues should be marked as ones of great importance: observance by Ukraine of its international legal obligations; integration into the world system of counteracting drug trafficking; bringing national legislation in line with the provisions of international regulatory legal acts. This article is devoted to the outlined questions. In particular, the provisions of the national legislation in the sphere of illegal drug trafficking, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors are analyzed, and the compliance of domestic norms with international regulatory legal acts in the sphere of combating illegal drug trafficking is concluded. The classification of international regulatory legal acts in the sphere of illegal drug trafficking in dependence to the authority that issued them is given. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the author suggests ways to further improvement of the domestic criminal legislation in the sphere of combating drug trafficking. In particular, it is proposed to criminalize the sowing and cultivation of any kind of narcotic drugs, as well as to partially revise the punishment for certain drug crimes.
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