Background/Aims: Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1), which is a member of the chloride channel protein family, is associated with various human tumors. Recent studies have shown that CLIC1 is involved in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer (GC). However, the exact mechanism remains unclear in GC. Methods: Effects of CLIC1 on the progression of GC in vivo and in vitro and the potential underlying mechanisms have been investigated by analysing 54 patients with GC, as well as human gastric cell lines SGC-7901 and MGC-803, utilizing proteomics, RT-PCR, Western blotting, flow cytometry, Cell invasion and migration assays and xenograft tumor models. Results: Our study shows that CLIC1 knockdown by targeted-siRNA markedly inhibits GC cell invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in vitro. In total, 54 differentially expressed proteins were identified in GC cells SGC-7901 after CLIC1 silencing by isobaric tags for relative isotope labeled and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology, including integrin α1 (ITGα1) and ITGα3. The expression levels of ITGα3, ITGαv, ITGβ1 and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were decreased significantly in GC cells after CLIC1 knockdown; ITGα1 and Fas were upregulated, but the level of survivin was not significantly different. GC growth and metabolism were decreased in vivo after CLIC1 silencing, but apoptosis was markedly increased. Further study showed that the expression levels of ITGα3, ITGαv and ITGβ1, as well as AKT-phosphorylation, ERK-phosphorylation and p38-phosphorylation, were reduced in vivo after CLIC1 knockdown, while ITGα1 was upregulated. Conclusions: We speculate that CLIC1 may play an important role in the progression of GC, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of integrin family proteins, which leads to the sequential regulation of the PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK and MAPK/p38 pathways.

The present study aimed to develop the official Chinese version of the QoR-40 (QoR-40C) and to test its reliability, validity, and responsiveness. Patients and Methods: A systematic translation procedure was established and performed to develop the QoR-40C from the original English QoR-40 version. After the pilot study, 223 surgical patients were administered the QoR-40C at four time points. The validity, reliability, and responsiveness were assessed to validate the QoR-40C. Results: The test-retest reliability of the QoR-40C in the morning and afternoon of the third day after surgery was 0.917 (P < 0.001). The split-half reliability for all domains was 0.938 in the morning of the third day after surgery. The median item-to-own dimension and total score of Cronbach's α for internal consistency of the QoR-40C at different assessment time points were more than 0.70. All the correlation coefficients between each subscale and the QoR-40 total score showed good correlation and were greater than those for other subscales in the morning of the third day after surgery. Furthermore, in the morning of the third day after surgery, the QoR-40C total score was moderately positively correlated with the SF-36 score (ρ = 0.575, P < 0.001), while the QoR-40C score was negatively correlated with the visual analogue scale (VAS) score (ρ = −0.299, P < 0.001). The factor loadings of each item were within the required range. A statistically significant difference was observed in the QoR-40C total scores before and after the surgery (P < 0.001) with the standardized responsive mean (SRM) of 0.51. Conclusion: The QoR-40C showed good reliability, validity, and responsiveness and was appropriate to be used as a quality of life measurement questionnaire for patients after surgery in China.

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