Stable negative ions containing up to sixteen silicon atoms have been measured by mass spectromettry in RF power-modulated silane plasmas for amorphous silicon deposition. These hydrogenated silicon cluster ions reach much higher masses than the positive ions, which have no more than six silicon atoms. This supports the view that negative ions are the precursors to particulate formation in silane plasmas. The time-dependent fluxes d positive and negative ions from the plasma are shown with a 5 p s time resolution. Possible cluster reaction sequences are discussed and the effect of visible light on the negative ion signal i s commented upon.

No abstract

No abstract

The physicochemical properties of liquid biofuels of different types (bioalcohols, biodiesel, etc.) in comparison to the same characteristics of petroleum fuels were examined. The advantages and disadvantages of biofuels with respect to these characteristics were demonstrated.

No abstract