Clinical recommendations.
INTRODUCTION: Navigational transcranial magnetic stimulation (NTMs) is used in neurosurgical practice to identify functionally important motor areas of the brain for the purpose of safe resection of a tumor focus. At the same time, when planning radiation therapy (LT) and determining the amount of irradiation, until recently, functionally significant zones of topical representation of skeletal muscles in the cerebral cortex were not taken into account. This study evaluates the use of mapping motor areas of the cerebral cortex using NTMs when planning LT in patients with malignant gliomas affecting the motor cortex.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibilities of navigational transcranial magnetic stimulation in the pre-radiation preparation of patients with brain tumors.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 31 patients with gliomas of a high degree of malignancy who received radiation and/or chemoradiotherapy at the RSCRT from 2020 to 2022. The median follow-up was 12.1 months (3.0–24.5 months), while all patients were followed up to the control, 3-month follow-up period after the end of the course of radiation therapy, 23 patients showed up for control after 6 months (two patients died between 3-month and 6-month control).Statistics: analysis was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software (StatSoft, Inc., USA).RESULTS: Three out of 31 patients had improved motor function, while eight out of 31 patients had decreased motor function. Moreover, when comparing the preoperative condition with the condition during control examinations six months after radiation therapy, motor function improved in three patients, and decreased in eight. Maps of motor zones of NTMs overlapped PTV by 41.2%. The average dose of Dmean maps of NTMs was 42.3 Gy (3.7–61.1 Gy) and 37.0 Gy (3.6–55.8 Gy) with a limit of 45 Gy per motor zone. Thus, the average dose of Dmean according to the maps of the motor zones of NTMs was significantly reduced by 5.3±3.3 Gy (14.3%, p<0.05). The average dose of Dmean on NTMs cards was reduced by 4.6±3.5 Gy (12.8%, p<0.05) to 37.8 Gy. The average volume of NTMs cards receiving a dose equal to or greater than 45 Gy and 55 Gy can be significantly reduced by 11.3% and 8.4%, respectively, with dose restriction (p<0.001). Anatomical ORS (optic nerve chiasm and brain stem) were not affected in relation to the average dose of Dmean or the maximum dose with an increase in the dose to GTV.DISCUSSION: In our study, it was shown that maps of the motor zones of NTMs can be used in the planning of LT patients with gliomas of high malignancy. To date, the primary motor cortex has not been considered as an OR in such patients. The results of the study demonstrated that the dose in relation to the maps of the motor zones of NTMs can be significantly reduced without affecting the therapeutic doses for PTV.CONCLUSION: LT planning using NTMs motor maps can help reduce the radiation dose to the motor cortex in primary LT, although the motor cortex appears morphologically rather insensitive to LT compared to speech zones and areas of high-order cognitive processes, such as the temporal and limbic cortex.
INTRODUCTION: Skin reactions negatively affect a patient’s quality of life and may require radiation therapy premature interruption, what impairs illness control. Numerous agents determine tissue radiosensitivity, but demographic and lifestyle factors remain poorly understood. Those kind of patients herapeutic algorithm demands studies.OBJECTIVE: Radiation-induced skin reactions (RISR) formation and severity prognostic factors determination for primary malignant skin lymphomas patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: 45 patients malignant T-cell skin lymphoma study, aged 38 to 82 years (29 mycosis fungoides patients, 2 lymphomatoid papulosis, 14 patients with primary anaplastic large cell skin lymphoma) received fast electrons total skin irradiation on the basis of the Federal State Institution «Russian Radiology and Surgical Technologies Scientific Center named after Academician A.M.Granov» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation from 2012 to June 2022. Radiation therapy performed in the usual fractionation mode on linear electron accelerators Elekta Precise with 4–6 MeV bremsstrahlung total doses from 14 to 30 Gy (22±2.4 Gy). In order to identify the role of possible prognostic factors of skin toxicity — gender, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, lymphoma body surface area (BSA), the presence of concomitant diseases (diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension) and previous chemotherapy.Statistics: Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics v. 26 program (developed by IBM Corporation). The value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Verification of the sample belonging to the normal general population was carried out using the Shapiro–Wilk criterion. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis. The regression parameters were estimated using the least squares method.RESULTS: The analysis revealed positive associations between the severity of RISR and predictor factors: BMI (r=0.799, p<0.01), smoking status (r=0.655, p<0.01), age (r=0.534, p<0.05), presence of diabetes mellitus (r=0.456, p<0.05), arterial hypertension (r=0.227, p<0.05), previous chemotherapy (r=0.422, p<0.01) and lymphoma body surface area (r=0.378, p<0.01). Severity of RISR scale value increase by those parameters. Negative links found between the severity of RISR and the total focal dose (SOD) of the beginning of their formation (r=–0.109, p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Formation and severity prognostic factors for the RCC upon fast electrons total skin exposure for patients with primary malignant T-cell skin lymphomas (mycosis fungoides, lymphomatoid papulosis, primary anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the skin) were identified.
RosaiDorfman disease (RDD) is a rare variant of the nonlangergans histiocytosis. Various presentation, systemic and localised forms and limited publications make diagnostics and prompt management difficult. Aim. Literature review and presentation of the patient with cutaneous form of RDD. Results. The patient is a 56 y.o male. In October 2019 he noticed a tumour in the left temporal area. After 3 weeks the tumor was removed. During the next two weeks the tumour recurred within the post-operative scar. After the review of the specimen and staging the skin form RosaiDorfman disease was diagnosed. Irradiation (total dose 36 Gr) was conducted. The tumor lessened. Through the next 4 months response is stable. Сonclusion. Radiation therapy as a second line of treatment of the skin RDD led to a stable response.
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