cloth materials, textiles are an ideal substrate for flexible wearable electronics due to their outstanding mechanical properties, good flexibility and softness, conformal contact with skin, and excellent wearing comfort. [11,12] Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop new smart electronic textiles (e-textiles) that can integrate the functionality of electronics and the comfort of textiles. [13,14] In particular, a facile, low-cost, and high-throughput manufacturing method for the fabrication of robust and reliable e-textiles is essential to future commercial applications of a variety of wearable electronics.Currently, there are two major approaches in fabricating e-textiles: i) weaving or integrating electronic fibers made by wet spinning into textiles; [15][16][17] and ii) depositing conductive materials onto textile surfaces. [18][19][20] Coating methods such as spray-coating and dip coating, have the advantages of simplicity, fast, and low cost, and are the most commonly used methods for depositing conductive materials on textiles. [2,21] However, they are constraint by the entire surface deposition and cannot be patterned with aesthetic design. [22] The as-prepared e-textiles with this method need to be further integrated into clothing for real wearable applications. [23,24] Textile printing is widely used in the clothing industry for pattern decoration by directly screen-printing various inks onto the clothes. [25,26] Screen printing is another simple, fast, low-cost, and high-throughput fabrication technology. With a tailored new conductive ink and high-resolution screen-printing plate, it is expected to achieve a low-cost and mass production of printed e-textiles that has both electronics functionality and visual aesthetics. However, recent research on printed e-textiles has paid little attention to the aesthetics of printed electronics and the lack of high-resolution patterns for aesthetic designs also limits the development of smart clothing. [27,28] On the other hand, the stretchability of e-textiles is extremely important for wearable applications because human body motion and deformation may generate a tensile strain as large as 55% in normal daily activities. [29] Most reported printed e-textiles only demonstrated good flexibility but very low stretchability due to the cracking of conductive layers printed on the textile. [28,[30][31][32] Recently, Someya et al. fabricated a printed e-textile with a stretchability of up to 450% by adjusting Electronic textiles (e-textiles) that combine the wearing comfort of textiles and the functionality of soft electronics are highly demanded in wearable applications. However, fabricating robust high-performance stretchable e-textiles with good abrasion resistance and high-resolution aesthetic patterns for highthroughput manufacturing and practical applications remains challenging. Herein, the authors report a new multifunctional e-textile fabricated via screen printing of the water-based silver fractal dendrites conductive ink. The as-fabricated e-textiles s...
Inorganic photoluminescence (PL) phosphors (including upconversion (UC), down‐shifting (DS), and persistent (PersL) materials) with tunable outputs, high quantum yields (QYs), and excellent photostability have attracted tremendous attention in advanced information hiding and encoding (IHE). The three kinds of phosphors endow security patterns in different IHE levels owing to their unique optical features. For security applications, it is very necessary to review how to boost optical performance and achieve multi‐level anti‐counterfeiting. Herein, diversely pivotal approaches on the achievement of multicolor emissions, high QYs, and excellent photostability are summarized. Full learning of these methods is promising to design superior inorganic phosphors. Based on the appealing optical properties of inorganic PL materials, a progressively improved IHE level is revealed by using unitary inorganic PL material, the couples of UCL, DS, and PersL, and further combinations together with external stimuli. This review not only deepens an understanding of designing high‐performance inorganic PL phosphors, but also gets inside into the construction of high‐performance IHE.
the requirements of the market because counterfeiters have very sophisticated techniques to replicate current anticounterfeiting techniques. [2] Thereby, the development of advanced information encryption and anti-counterfeiting strategies that are difficult to replicate is of great significance and has an irreplaceable position in practical application. Based on this background, stimuli-response information encryption and anti-counterfeiting techniques are proposed to achieve high information encryption and anti-counterfeiting strength. Important encoding information is stored and read out in an "on-off" way by altering the stimulation situations. By screening different stimulus conditions, the researchers found that light-induced tunable optical output possesses the advantages of easy operation and promotion, fast detection speed, and low cost, and has great potential in practical applications. [3] It is well-known that optical materials are a typical example, which can be excited by different light sources and then produce controllable optical output. By designing various
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