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Background: Femoral nerve block is a widely accepted nerve block method with evident reduction in consumption of opioid painkiller and minimization of the duration of hospital stay but may cause weakness of quadriceps muscle strength. Adductor canal block is another nerve block technique that attracts the attention of scientific community nowadays because of its possible superiority over Femoral nerve block regarding mobility and muscle strength. Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of 33 studies, aiming to compare femoral nerve block with adductor canal block following total knee arthroplasty regarding pain control and mobilization. Results: Adductor canal block showed better preservation of quadriceps muscle strength (MD = 0.28, 95% CI [0.11, 0.46], P = .002), and better mobilization up to 2 days postoperatively. However, no significant difference was found between the 2 interventions regarding pain control (MD = 0.06, 95% CI [−0.06, 0.17], P = .33) or opioid consumption (SMD = 0.08, 95% CI [−0.06, 0.22], P = .28) up to 2 days postoperatively. The better mobilization results of adductor canal block did not translate into a significant difference in the risk of falls or patients’ satisfaction; however, adductor canal block patients had less mean length of hospital stay than the patients with femoral nerve block. Conclusion: Both femoral nerve block and adductor canal block provide similar results regarding pain control and opioid consumption, however adductor canal block provides better preservation of quadriceps strength and mobilization, giving it more advantage over femoral nerve block.

Background and Aims Fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) is a potential treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Several randomized trials have tested FMT effects using different routes of administration, doses, and sample sizes. We aim to assess the overall efficacy of FMT for IBS patients and the safety of the intervention. Methods We systematically searched four databases for randomized control trials that studied the efficacy and safety of FMT in IBS patients. Results We included 8 randomized trials (472 patients) that compared FMT with placebo in IBS patients. Pooled results showed no statistically significant difference between FMT and control groups in the overall change in IBS symptom severity (IBS‐SSS) at 1 month ( p = 0.94), 3/4 months ( p = 0.82), and at the end of trials ( p = 0.67). No significant difference in the total number of respondents between the FMT and control groups (risk ratios = 1.84, [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.82–2.65], p = 0.19). Although the oral route of administration showed a significant difference in the number of respondents ( p = 0.004), there was no statistically significant difference in the IBS‐SSS when subgrouping the oral route of administration (mean difference = 47.57, [95% CI = −8.74–103.87], p = 0.10). Conclusion FMT is not an effective treatment to relieve all the symptoms of IBS. Even in the groups that showed relatively significant improvement after FMT, the effect was proven to wear off over time and the re‐administration carries a low success rate. Future research should consider different bacterial‐based interventions such as probiotics or specific antibiotics.

Background Depression is a prominent cause of mental disability globally, having a severe impact on mental and physical health. Depression rehabilitation and treatment, whether through psychiatric management or counseling therapy, is hampered by stigmatizing attitudes regarding psychiatric illness patients impacted by societal and cultural factors. However, little is known about the stigma toward people with depression among the students in Syria. Methodology A total of 1,056 students in Syria completed a questionnaire that included a case narrative illustrating depression. A total of 1,056 students in Syria completed a questionnaire that included a case narrative illustrating depression. The survey looked at attitudes toward depression, the desire to keep a safe distance from depressed people, stigma attitudes toward people with depression among college students, perceived beliefs about depressive people, gender (male and female), and the major section (medical and medical and non-medical) differences. Results Four questionnaires have refused to finish the survey, out of 1259 issued. Around 47.80% of respondents, most of whom were females, felt that sad people might snap out of it. 14.60 percent believe depression isn’t even an actual medical condition. Surprisingly, 2% of respondents with a medical background thought the same thing. Regarding more extreme stigmatization, 16.80% of respondents thought depressed persons were harmful. People with depression will be avoided by 19.50 percent of respondents, and people with medical backgrounds will be avoided by 5.20 percent of respondents. Nearly one-fifth of those polled said they would not tell anyone if they were depressed. Only a tiny percentage of respondents (6.90 percent) said they would not hire or vote for a politician who suffers from depression (8.40 percent). Conclusion According to the study, Syrian college students had a significant level of stigma and social distance toward mentally ill patients. Female students and non-medical students had a higher stigma in most subscale items for people with depression.