Liquid crystalline donor (i.e., phthalocyanine) was covalently linked to acceptor (i.e, fullerene) to achieve efficient charge-transport properties in a liquid crystalline phase. The columnar structure exhibited highly efficient ambipolar charge-transport character, demonstrating the potential utility of the strategy in organic electronics.
Carrier transport properties of a non-peripherally alkyl-substituted phthalocyanine, 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octahexylphthalocyanine (C6PcH2) have been investigated. The material is a low-molecular-weight organic semiconductor with high solubility for typical organic solvents and liquid crystallinity. The carrier mobility was measured in the crystal phase and the hexagonal disordered columnar (Colhd) mesophase by the time-of-flight technique. A strong negative temperature dependence was observed for the hole mobility in the crystal phase, and a maximum drift mobility of 1.4 cm2·V-1·s-1 was achieved at -15 °C. A maximum mobility of 0.5 cm2·V-1·s-1 was obtained for the electrons that had a smaller dependence
Organic thin-film solar cells based on a bulk heterojunction utilizing the phthalocyanine derivative 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octahexylphthalocyanine (C6PcH2) have been studied. C6PcH2 is soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform, and the blend uniform thin film with the fullerene derivative 1-(3-methoxy-carbonyl)-propyl-1-1-phenyl-(6,6)C61 (PCBM) could be fabricated by a spin-coating method. Solar cells with an indium–tin-oxide/polymer hole transport layer/C6PcH2:PCBM/Al structure, the active layer of which was prepared by a wet process using a low-weighted molecular system, have demonstrated a high external quantum efficiency of more than 70% in the Q-band absorption region of C6PcH2 and a high energy conversion efficiency of 3.1%.
Four new donor-acceptor triads (D-A-D) based on discotic and arylene mesogens have been synthesized by using Sonogashira coupling and cyclization reactions. This family of triads consists of two side-on pending triphenylene mesogens, acting as the electron-donating groups (D), laterally connected through short lipophilic spacers to a central perylenediimide (PI), benzo[ghi]perylenediimide (BI), or coronenediimide (CI) molecular unit, respectively, playing the role of the electron acceptor (A). All D-A-D triads self-organize to form a lamello-columnar oblique mesophase, with a highly segregated donor-acceptor (D-A) heterojunction organization, consequent to efficient molecular self-sorting. The structure consists in the regular alternation of two disrupted rows of triphenylene columns and a continuous row of diimine species. High-resolution STM images demonstrate that PI-TP2 forms stable 2D self-assembly nanostructures with some various degrees of regularity, whereas the other triads do not self-organize into ordered architectures. The electron-transport mobility of CI-TP2, measured by time-of-flight at 200 °C in the mesophase, is one order of magnitude higher than the hole mobility. By means of this specific molecular designing idea, we realized and demonstrated for the first time the so-called p-n heterojunction at the molecular level in which the electron-rich triphenylene columns act as the hole transient pathways, and the coronenediimide stacks form the electron-transport channels.
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