Photocatalysis
provides a route to convert methane into an energy-dense,
liquid fuel, such as methanol, using only natural gas, sunlight, water
(or oxygen), and the catalyst. In this report, we compare the photocatalytic
activity and selectivity for bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) microcrystals
with different morphologies to partially oxidize methane to methanol.
Bipyramidal BiVO4 microcrystals comprising {102} and {012}
surface facets were found to be both more active and more selective
for methane to methanol conversion compared to platelet microcrystals
that expose {001} facets as their top and bottom surface. The selectivity
of the bipyramidal BiVO4 microcrystals for methanol production
was over 85% for reaction times between 60 and 120 min with mass activity
between 112 and 134 μmol h–1 g–1 during this period. These activities are among the highest reported
for photocatalytic methane to methanol conversion using illumination
conditions comparable to solar irradiation and without the need for
sacrificial reagents. Photochemical deposition of metal salts indicates
that photoexcited electrons and holes react selectivity at different
facets of the platelet and bipyramidal BiVO4 microcrystals.
Combining the photodeposition results with surface energy calculations,
we propose that the high selectivity for methanol observed using bipyramidal
BiVO4 microcrystals arises due to efficient extraction
of photoexcited holes from surfaces that have intermediate reactivity
for oxidation.
This paper analyzes the communication between Kubernetes nodes and pods in Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). Weexplore the structure and features of GKE networking, including communication between nodes, nodes, and pods, andpods themselves. We also consider the network security and performance aspects. In addition, we analyze commonnetworking issues such as latency, packet loss, and network failures and provide solutions. Through our experimentalresults, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed solutions and offer insights for future research in this area.This paper provides valuable insights for developers and operators who use GKE and want to optimize their networkingconfiguration.
Container networking is a critical component of cloud computing, providing the infrastructure for the deployment andscaling of containerized applications. However, ensuring high-performance and reliable container networking can bechallenging due to the complexity of container network architectures and associated metrics. This paper proposes a newapproach to optimize container CNI (Container Network Interface) metrics to improve service level indicators (SLIs)and objectives (SLOs) in container networking. The approach involves analyzing key CNI metrics, such as networklatency, bandwidth, and packet loss, and fine-tuning them to optimize network performance and availability. This studyconducted experiments on Kubernetes clusters to validate the approach using different CNI plugins and workloads. Theresults show that optimizing CNI metrics can significantly improve network performance, reduce network downtime,and enhance the overall service level of container networking. The proposed approach provides a practical and effectivesolution for managing container network performance and availability and has the potential to benefit a wide range ofcloud-based applications.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.