Adenosine antagonists were found to be effective in improving hypotension, QRS prolongation and survival time in our rat model of amitriptyline toxicity. Additionally, amitriptyline-induced cardiotoxicity was abolished by pretreatment with adenosine receptor antagonists. These results suggest that adenosine receptors may have a role in the pathophysiology of amitriptyline-induced cardiovascular toxicity. Adenosine A1 and A2a receptor antagonists may be promising agents for reversing amitriptyline-induced cardiovascular toxicity.
Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the short and long-term impact of pharmacovigilance (PV) training on the 5th year medical students’ knowledge about definitions and on the awareness of the regulatory aspects in PV.Materials and Methods:In academic year 2010/11, the students completed structured, questionnaire before and just after training. They also completed the same questionnaire 1-year after the training.Results:The students’ knowledge about PV significantly increased after training in the short term (P < 0.001). However, the improvement decreased significantly in the long-term (P < 0.001). Although long-term scores were higher than the baseline score, the difference was not statistically significant. Total scores were 17.5 ± 2.0, 20.8 ± 2.0 and 18.0 ± 2.5; before, at short and long-term after the training.Conclusion:PV training increased the students’ knowledge significantly. However, in the long-term, the impact of the training is limited. Repeated training of PV should be planned.
While 10(-4) M DPCPX shortened QRS prolongation, 10(-5) M CSC prolonged QRS duration in the isolated rat hearts with prolonged QRS duration induced by 5.5 x 10(-5)M amitriptyline. An adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist, DPCPX, might shorten amitriptyline-induced QRS prolongation by activating beta adrenergic receptors.
Because of the large number of unintentional caustic exposures, parent education is very important to decrease the caustic exposures in children.
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