OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of long-term computer use on tear production and evaporation. METHODS: In this study, 30 eyes of 30 people using computer for 8 hours a day were taken as the study group. In the control group, 30 eyes of 30 healthy individuals who did not spend 1 hour using computer on a daily basis were evaluated. The cases were examined at 8 am and 5 pm. The Schirmer test, tear break-up time (TBUT), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender. The Schirmer test results, which measure the parameters of tear production, were 16.80±2.04 and 15.50±2.06 mm (p>0.05) in the study group, and 17.28±1.52 and 17.16±2.53 in the control group. The TBUT measurements were 9.15±2.93 and 6.80±1.11 sec in the study group. It was observed that the evening TBUT decreased (p<0.05). The TBUT measurements were 15.80±3.15 sec and 15.20±1.92 sec (p>0.05) in the control group. The OSDI scores were 26.7±3.36 and 28.3±1.19 in the study group, and 25.0±4.48 and 27.3±2.27 in the control group. CONCLUSION: As a result, it was found that a long-term computer use did not change the Schirmer test results significantly, but there were statistically significant changes in the tear break-up time (TBUT) results of the evaporative type eye dryness. According the our study results, long-term computer usage may cause an evaporative-type dry eye disease.

Purpose:The aim was to investigate the effect of Nd:YAG capsulotomy on refraction, intraocular pressure and anterior chamber depth changes and complications of Nd:YAG laser treatment for posterior capsular opacification in pseudophakic eyes. Methods: Our study includes 26 eyes (23 patients) with posterior capsular opacification after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery and intraocular lens implantation. Complete ocular examinations were performed for all patients. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure and anterior chamber depth measurements were obtained in all examinations. Nd:YAG capsulotomy was measured in all patients. Eyes received one drop of aproclonidine 0.5 % before and immediately after YAG laser capsulotomy. Data were analysed statistically. Results: Mean patient age was 53.73 Ϯ 13.53 years. Before Nd:YAG capsulotomy mean anterior chamber depth was 4.03 Ϯ 0.58 mm and in the first day after capsulotomy the mean value was 4.02 Ϯ 0.46 mm. Mean spherical equivalent refraction before laser treatment was -0.52 D and on the first day after laser treatment was -0.49 D. An improvement in visual acuity was achieved in all cases. Before Nd:YAG capsulotomy mean visual acuity was 0.38 Ϯ 0.13 and on the first day after capsulotomy, the mean value was 0.93 Ϯ 0.11, the difference of which was statistically significant. There were no statistically significant differences between the anterior chamber depth and intraocular pressure measurements before laser capsulotomy and on the first day, first month and third month after laser. Conclusion: Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy is an effective and safe method of treatment of posterior capsular opacification.

Keratoconus is the most common corneal distrophy. It's a noninflammatory progressive thinning process that leads to conical ectasia of the cornea, causing high myopia and astigmatism. Many treatment choices include spectacle correction and contact lens wear, collagen cross linking, intracorneal ring segments implantation and finally keratoplasty. Contact lenses are commonly used to reduce astigmatism and increase vision. There are various types of lenses are available. We reviewed soft contact lenses, rigid gas permeable contact lenses, piggyback contact lenses, hybrid contact lenses and scleral-semiscleral contact lenses in keratoconus management. The surgical option is keratoplasty, but even after sutur removal, high astigmatism may stil exists. Therefore, contact lens is an adequate treatment option to correct astigmatism after keratoplasty.

Background:The aim of the study was to examine the clinical success of high Dk (oxygen permeability) piggyback contact lens (PBCL) systems for the correction of contact lens intolerant keratoconus patients.Methods:Sixteen patients (29 eyes) who were not able to wear gas-permeable rigid lenses were included in this study. Hyper Dk silicone hydrogel (oxygen transmissibility or Dk/t = 150 units) and fluorosilicone methacrylate copolymer (Dk/t = 100 units) lenses were chosen as the PBCL systems. The clinical examinations included visual acuity and corneal observation by biomicroscopy, keratometer reading, and fluorescein staining before and after fitting the PBCL system.Results:Indications for using PBCL system were: lens stabilization and comfort, improving comfort, and adding protection to the cone. Visual acuities increased significantly in all of the patients compared with spectacles (P = 0). Improvement in visual acuity compared with rigid lenses alone was recorded in 89.7% of eyes and no alteration of the visual acuity was observed in 10.3% of the eyes. Wearing time of PBCL systems for most of the patients was limited time (mean 6 months, range 3–12 months); thereafter they tolerated rigid lenses alone except for 2 patients.Conclusion:The PBCL system is a safe and effective method to provide centering and corneal protection against mechanical trauma by the rigid lenses for keratoconus patients and may increase contact lens tolerance.