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Coherent effects in synchrotron radiation (SR) have been observed for the first time from 180-MeV short electron bunches of 2.5 mm using the Tohoku 300-MeV Linac. The intensity of the coherent SR was about 10 5 times as strong as that of incoherent SR in the wavelengths of 0.4-2.2 mm. This enhancement factor corresponds to the number of electrons in a bunch. The SR intensity showed a quadratic dependence on the electron beam current. The radiation was mainly polarized in the orbital plane. The possibility of induced rf in a vacuum chamber was excluded experimentally.

This study aimed at investigating the effects of dietary Allium sativum (garlic, G) and Allium cepa (onion, O) on immune functions in White Leghorn chicken. One-week-old chicks, were fed diets without (control) or with Alliums (GL and OL, 10 g or GH and OH, 30 g/kg diet). Chickens were immunized with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Brucella abortus (BA). Antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation, and ratios of CD4(+) , CD8(+) and CD4⁻ CD8⁻ lymphocytes were investigated. Histology and weights of the spleen, thymus and bursa (BF), and white blood cell (WBC) counts were studied as well. Alliums at 10 g/kg diet enhanced anti-NDV, anti-SRBC and anti-BA antibody productions, whereas 30 g/kg diet had less stimulatory effects. Histology of the lymphoid organs and proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were not influenced. However, splenocyte and thymocyte proliferations were augmented with garlic. Flow cytometry analysis showed reduction in CD4(+) and increase in CD4⁻ CD8⁻ lymphocyte ratios in GH and OH groups. Garlic-supplemented chickens had heavier spleen and thymus, and higher WBC counts, whereas BF weight increased with both Alliums at 30 g/kg diet. These results suggest that dietary Alliums have a potential to enhance the immune functions in White Leghorn chickens.

Short bunches of 150-MeV electrons of a linear accelerator passed along the surface of a crystal quartz or a teflon and coherent Cerenkov radiation from the solid dielectrics has been observed in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 4 mm. Properties of the radiation have been experimentally investigated. The angular distribution of the observed radiation showed a maximum peak in the direction of the Cerenkov angle with several satellite peaks. The intensity increased linearly with increasing the length of the medium and was proportional to the square of the number of electrons in the bunch. The spectral intensity was enhanced by almost five orders of magnitude in comparison with the theoretical calculation of incoherent radiation.

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