The thermal behavior of dihydroxylammonium 5,5 0 -bistetrazole-1,1 0 -diolate (TKX-50) was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analysisdifferential scanning calorimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-DSC-MS). The critical temperature of thermal explosion (T b ) and the initial decomposition temperature (T p0 ) were determined to be 523.39 and 513.80 K, respectively. The apparent activation energy (E) and preexponential factor (A) of the exothermic decomposition reaction, and activation entropy (DS = ), activation enthalpy (DH = ), activation Gibbs free energy (DG = ) at T P0 of the reaction and the critical temperature of thermal explosion (T b ) were calculated: E K = 237.59 kJ mol -1 , E O = 234.11 kJ mol -1 , DS = = 209.83 J K -1 mol -1 , DH = = 233.32 kJ mol -1 , DG = = 126.53 kJ mol -1 . TG-DSC-FTIR/MS analysis of thermal decomposition products of TKX-50 reveals that the main decomposition products are N 2 , H 2 O, NH 3 , NH 2 , N 2 O and NO.
Lead-based primary explosives were widely applied in military and civilian ammunition, which have subsequently caused serious environmental and health-related problems. Therefore, the development of green alternatives for the lead-based primary explosives has been one of the major focuses in the field of energetic materials. Four potassium salts based on nitraminofurazan have been easily synthesized and show excellent comprehensive performances. Among them, potassium 3-dinitromethyl-4-nitraminofurazan (K DNMNAF, 1) showed better thermal stability (T : 281.4 °C), higher density (2.174 g cm ), and lower friction sensitivities (72 N) than that of potassium 4,5-bis(dinitromethyl)furoxanate (K BDNMF, T : 218.3 °C, density: 2.130 g cm , FS: 5 N, P: 27.3 GPa, v : 7759 m s ); furthermore, it displayed comparable detonation performances (P: 27.2 GPa, v : 7758 m s ). The promising properties of these salts make this kind of material a competitive alternative to lead azide as a primary explosive.
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