NONCODE (http://www.bioinfo.org/noncode/) is an interactive database that aims to present the most complete collection and annotation of non-coding RNAs, especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The recently reduced cost of RNA sequencing has produced an explosion of newly identified data. Revolutionary third-generation sequencing methods have also contributed to more accurate annotations. Accumulative experimental data also provides more comprehensive knowledge of lncRNA functions. In this update, NONCODE has added six new species, bringing the total to 16 species altogether. The lncRNAs in NONCODE have increased from 210 831 to 527,336. For human and mouse, the lncRNA numbers are 167,150 and 130,558, respectively. NONCODE 2016 has also introduced three important new features: (i) conservation annotation; (ii) the relationships between lncRNAs and diseases; and (iii) an interface to choose high-quality datasets through predicted scores, literature support and long-read sequencing method support. NONCODE is also accessible through http://www.noncode.org/.

Single cell dissociation antibody staining and FACS sorting Cellular atlas DEGs Cellular interaction Ligand Recepto r Immunostaining Functional assays Correlation analysis Droplet-based scRNA-seq Data Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell x Gene 1 Gene 2 Gene y Highlights Single cell transcriptomic datasets are a valuable resource to dissect cellular diversity and intercellular crosstalk of human ICCs. Malignant cells displayed remarkable inter-tumor heterogeneity and Tregs revealed highly immunosuppressive characteristics. Six distinct fibroblast subsets were defined in ICCs and adjacent tissues. CD146 + vCAFs, comprising most of the fibroblasts, had tight interactions with malignant cells through IL-6/IL-6R axis. Tumor exosomal miR-9-5p elicited IL-6 expression in vCAFs, contributing to ICC progression via upregulation of EZH2.