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Background: Several actionable gene alterations, such as EGFR and KRAS mutations, for lung cancer are different in frequency between Caucasian and East Asian. NTRK fusions have been recently identified as a therapeutic target in a rare fraction of Caucasian patients with lung adenocarcinoma (3.3%). However, their frequency in East Asian has not yet been examined. Methods: A nationwide lung cancer genomic screening project in Japan (LC-SCRUM-Japan) was initiated from February 2013, and a total of 4118 lung cancer patients have been enrolled as of April 2017. A total of 2668 patients with lung cancer (non-squamous/squamous/small¼2088/275/305) were screened by using a next generation sequencing platform, Oncomine TM Focus Assay (OFA) for detecting NTRK1/2/3 fusions or Oncomine TM Comprehensive Assay (OCA) for detecting NTRK1/3 fusions. Results: Only one patient with ETV6-NTRK3 fusion (0.04%) was detected. The patient harboring ETV6-NTRK3 fusion was a 60-year-old man with a 35 pack-year smoking history, and pathologically diagnosed with adenocarcinoma. We also evaluated NTRK1 gene fusion-induced imbalances in the expression of the 5' and 3' regions of the transcripts using the OFA sequencing data, and there was no case with 5'/3' expression imbalances of NTRK1 gene transcripts. Conclusions: The frequency of NTRK fusions in Japanese patients with lung cancer is extremely rare (0.04%) compared with Caucasian.

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