Aqueous sodium ion batteries have received widespread attention due to their great application potential and high safety. However, the serious capacity fading under low temperature dramatically restricts their practical application. Compared to flammable and toxic organic antifreezing additives, addition of common cheap inorganic inert additives to improve low‐temperature performance is of interest scientifically. Herein, low‐cost calcium chloride is served as antifreezing additive in 1 m NaClO4 aqueous electrolyte due to its strong interaction with water molecules. The freezing point of the optimized electrolyte is significantly reduced to below −50 °C with an ultrahigh ionic conductivity (7.13 mS cm−1) at −50 °C. All pure inorganic composition of the full battery delivers a high capacity of 74.5 mAh g−1 under 1 C (1 C = 150 mA g−1) at −30 °C. More importantly, when tested under 10 C at −30 °C, the battery can achieve an ultralong cycling stability of 6000 cycles with no obvious capacity decay, indicating fast Na+ transport under low temperature. Significantly, this work provides an easy‐to‐operate strategy by adding cheap inorganic salt to develop high‐performance low‐temperature aqueous batteries.

The intrinsically sluggish kinetics of anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is deemed as the bottleneck for highly efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen production, and the by-product is the less value-added oxygen. Herein,...

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Aqueous sodium‐ion batteries (ASIBs) have attracted increasing attention for next‐generation energy storage technologies due to their abundant resources and environmentally‐safe, while their application scenarios are severely limited by the high freezing point of conventional aqueous electrolytes. To overcome the aforementioned issues of ASIBs, a novel hybrid 3.5 m Mg(ClO4)2+0.5 m NaClO4 electrolyte (m: mol kg−1) with an ultra‐low freezing point (<−80 °C) is proposed. The exceptional anti‐freezing feature is mainly attributed to the higher ionic potential of Mg2+, greatly affecting the chemical environment of water molecules and inhibiting ice formation under subzero conditions. Benefiting from the superiority of ionic conductivity (4.86 mS cm−1) for the hybrid electrolyte at −60 °C, the full cell of active carbon||NaTi2(PO4)3@C delivers an ultra‐long lifespan of 10000 cycles under 8 C (1 C=133 mA g−1) at −60 °C. More importantly, some representative devices in daily life including smartphone and motor can be powered by ASIBs at −60 °C. Therefore, this work provides a rational and effective strategy for design and application of ASIBs with excellent electrochemical performance that can work in extremely cold environments.

There is a tremendous focus on the application of nanomaterials for the treatment of cancer. Nonprimate models are conventionally used to assess the biomedical utility of nanomaterials. However, these animals often lack an intact immunological background, and the tumors in these animals do not develop spontaneously. We introduce a preclinical woodchuck hepatitis virus-induced liver cancer model as a platform for nanoparticle (NP)-based in vivo experiments. Liver cancer development in these out-bred animals occurs as a result of persistent viral infection, mimicking human hepatitis B virus-induced HCC development. We highlight how this model addresses key gaps associated with other commonly used tumor models. We employed this model to (1) track organ biodistribution of gold NPs after intravenous administration, (2) examine their subcellular localization in the liver, (3) determine clearance kinetics, and (4) characterize the identity of hepatic macrophages that take up NPs using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). We found that the liver and spleen were the primary sites of NP accumulation. Subcellular analyses revealed accumulation of NPs in the lysosomes of CD14+ cells. Through RNA-seq, we uncovered that immunosuppressive macrophages within the woodchuck liver are the major cell type that take up injected NPs. The woodchuck-HCC model has the potential to be an invaluable tool to examine NP-based immune modifiers that promote host anti-tumor immunity.