Since the 1980s, China, especially the northwest part had carried out extensive water-improving project to reduce fluoride, but the fluorosis has not been completely eliminated. Through historical data comparison, on-site investigation and sample detection, combined with hydrochemical analysis and spatial analysis, this paper studied the 40 years’ changes of water fluoride and the control effect of fluorosis in the typical fluorosis areas Dali County of northwest China. Results show that from 1980 to 2017, benefited from the water-improving project, the fluoride in local residents' drinking water significantly decreased, with the median value declined from 2.40 to 1.26 mg/L, which further reduced fluorosis. As a typical water-improving area by low-fluoride water sources developing, in Dali, the generally dropped fluoride of groundwater is the root cause for the controlled endemic fluorosis. The enrichment of fluoride in groundwater here is controlled by the fluoride-rich geological background, landform and evaporative climate. The water environment characterized by slight alkalinity, rich sodium and low calcium is also an important factor. For the temporal changes of groundwater, human irrigation activities were considered as the primary role. Although the fluorosis has improved significantly, low residents' satisfaction and the rise of fluoride concentration in some water sources have led to a continuous high fluoride water drinking and fluorosis in some areas. It is suggested that the local government should strengthen water quality improvement from the aspects of low fluoride water source development and water supply management to consolidate the effect of fluorosis prevention and control.
Niemann–Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by lysosomal storage of free cholesterol. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide derivative that is being developed to treat NPC1. Recently, metformin was reported to be beneficial in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases. In this study, we examined the effects of combined treatment with HPβCD and metformin on Npc1−/− mice. Unfortunately, body weight and survival rates showed that cotreatment with metformin did not extend survival time and increase the body weight of HPβCD-treated Npc1−/− mice. However, cotreatment with metformin reduced inflammatory response and inhibited the proinflammatory cytokine release in the brain, liver and spleen of HPβCD-treated Npc1−/− mice. Furthermore, metformin did not reduce the free cholesterol levels in Npc1−/− brain tissue or fibroblasts. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that metformin does not show beneficial effects on body weight or survival time but reduced the inflammatory response in a mouse model of NPC1 when combined with HPβCD.
The development of information technology such as the continuous improvement of mobile Internet infrastructure and the performance of computers has made it easy to process and share information. The huge market demand for location-based information services provides huge impetus to the generation and development of mobile terminal positioning technology. Generally speaking, the main causes of climate change can be summarized into two categories: natural climate fluctuations and the impact of human activities which is a major measure taken by China to actively respond to climate change. This is a successful approach to actively explore the rapid development of China’s industrialization and urbanization, which not only develops the economy and improves people’s livelihood but also responds to climate change and reduces carbon intensity. Firstly, this paper mainly is aimed at the connotation of regional low-carbon economic development mode, studying the basic mode of regional low-carbon economic development, and analyzing the characteristics and applicable conditions of each mode. Secondly, based on the machine learning algorithm of data mining, the main mode selection of regional low-carbon economic development is discussed. Thirdly and finally, when choosing the regional low-carbon economic development mode, comprehensive consideration should be given to the economic development basis, energy structure, resource characteristics, industrial status, development mode, geographic location, and other factors. This paper studies the basic conditions and applicable conditions of regional economic development models. The conclusion shows that from the perspective of regional economic evolution, low-carbon economy can be regarded as the decarbonization process of economic development. It is an economic form combining its own characteristics and an inevitable requirement for the transformation of regional economy from other economic models to low-carbon economic models. And other factors of Selection of regional economic development foundation, energy structure, resource characteristics, industrial status, development mode, geographical location, were also discussed.
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