This paper reviews the topic of yarn pull-out on a plain woven fabric. It deals with previous works on experimental testing and theory exploration regarding this process, also including the prominent stick-slip behavior and the associated modeling techniques. Finally, it discusses the advances in chemical treatment and construction modification for the increase in yarn gripping force. The current paper serves as a source of literature for those willing to undertake additional research in this area and for those interested in developing flexible body armor with improved ballistic protection.
Cellular composite, with an array of regular hexagonal cells in the cross section, is a type of textile composites having the advantage of being light weight and energy absorbent over the solid composite materials. However, when it is under the same energy level of low velocity impact with different tup mass and velocity, its behavior is yet unknown. In the experiment, four groups of samples, with twelve geometrical variants have been systematically created for the impact testing. The impact test is running in two categories with one type of low velocity impact with initial velocity of 5.5 m/s by the tup mass of 0.55 kg, and another testing under the similar impact energy but with a lower initial velocity around 2.0 m/s with heavier tup mass of 4.52 kg. The impact energies in the above cases are very similar about 8.5 J, which indicates that the impact energy is the same while the energy construction is different. After the test, it is found that composite with medium cell size has more stable mechanical performances under various exposed impact conditions. It is also concluded that composites with big cell size are much easier to be destroyed under heavier impact tup, therefore, under condition of more critical loading force, it is necessary to find a way to enhance the big cell sized composites’ wall material in order to strengthen their structure performances. The results of this work provide a reference for the researchers who are kneeing to investigate the impact mechanism of textile cellular composites.
In the second part of this two-part paper, the experimental analysis of 14 systematically designed 3D honeycomb textile composites, using drop-weight impact tests, is described. Energy absorption and transmitted force were measured to determine the impact performance of the honeycomb composites. The influence of structural parameters, including cell opening angle, cell size, cell wall ratio, and the cell density for the same cross-sectional area, were studied to characterize the 3D honeycomb composites systematically. It was found that changes in structural parameters affect impact energy absorption and impact force attenuation. The effect of volume density of the honeycomb composites on impact characteristics was also investigated. The results indicate that while the volume density has little effect on the energy absorption, it has significant influence on the transmitted force. The analytical results provide useful data for the engineering and application of 3D honeycomb composites.
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